A committee of three students has to be formed. There are

Or you can look at it this way: There are two ways to make the committee:
Way1: With Paul
Then to get other two members, you can choose out of 3 people (Stuart cannot be chosen) = 3C2 = 3
Way 2: Without Paul
Then Jane will not be in the committee. So three members needed and only three people to choose from.. 1 way

Total ways of forming the committee = 3 + 1 = 4
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Official Solution:

A committee of three students has to be formed from five candidates: Jane, Joan, Paul, Stuart, and Jessica. If Paul and Stuart refuse to be on the committee together, and Jane refuses to be on the committee without Paul, how many committees can be formed?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 8


First, we note that a committee cannot be formed if neither Paul nor Stuart is on the committee. This is because, without Paul, Jane also refuses to be on the committee, leaving only two other candidates (Joan and Jessica), which is not enough to form a three-member committee.

Now, let's consider the committees that include Paul. Since Stuart refuses to be on the committee with Paul, we must choose two other members from the remaining candidates: Jane, Joan, and Jessica. This gives us \(C^2_3=3\) possible committees.

Similarly, we can count the committees that include Stuart but not Paul. Since Jane refuses to be on the committee without Paul, we must choose two other members from the remaining candidates: Joan and Jessica. This gives us \(C^2_2=1\) possible committee.

Thus, the total number of possible committees is \(3+1=4\).


Answer: B
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If Paul is in the committee : We must choose 2 out of 3 others (No Stuart) --> 3 ways
If Stuart is in the committee : No Paul & Hence no Jane, so the other 2 must be chose --> 1 way
If neither Paul nor Stuart are in the committee, 3 students left, but since no Paul, no Jane : No commitee possible

Answer : 4
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karishma-please let me know where i made a mistake :

case 1 :
stuart is in the commitee- means only joan and jessica qualify as per conditions
so 1 way


case 2.
PAUL is in the commitee:
Jane, Joan and Jessica are other options

hence choosing 3 out of 4 = 4C3 = 4

hence answer = 1+4 = 5

As Spidy001 pointed out, your logic is absolutely fine. You messed up in the last step. It should be 'hence choosing 2 out of 3 (out of Jane, Joan and Jessica)'. We have already chosen Paul.
3C2 = 3

hence answer = 1+3 = 4
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I'm almost 16 years out of school, I found this one stumped me for a bit.

My preferred approach is to take all possibilities into account, and then backing out the restrictions.

So we start with all possibilities:

Step (1)

We must choose 3 people of 5, easy enough 5c3 = 10 total possibilities

Step (2)

Looking at the first restriction, Paul and Stuart do not want to be on the committee together. So let's assume the breaking scenario where Paul or Stuart is selected. That gives us 3c2 scenarios, since we've already selected Paul or Stuart and the other is off the list.

So 3c2 = 3 possibilities that should be eliminated

Step (3)

Jane will only be on the committee with Paul. So we take all the scenarios will Jane will refuse. So if Jane is on the committee, and Paul may not be selected we have

3c2 = 3 possibilities should be eliminated

Summary

10 original possibilities
- 3 Paul/Stuart restriction
- 3 Jane/Paul restriction
===
4 remaining possibilities = the answer

Let's try a different problem with your approach. There are five people: A, B, C, D, E. Need to chose 3 for a committee. A and B cannot be chosen together. B and C cannot be chosen together. How many options?

Your approach: total 10 options, 5c3.
Now, assume the wrong scenario where A and B are chosen together. There are three such scenarios. (A and B are chosen, just need one more person.) So we have to subtract the three wrong options. Similarly, there are three wrong scenarios where B and C are chosen together.

This gives us 10-3-3=4 as the answer.
Yet this answer is wrong. There are five possibilities: ACD, ACE, ADE, BDE, CDE.
Do you see your mistake?

I think you've changed the problem slightly. What you've introduced with your new set of restrictions, is a situation where the restrictions are not mutually exclusive. That is to say, you're counting one of your exclusions twice and it would need to be added back in. When you do 5C3 for both sets, you get ABC as a restriction both times. You simply need to add that duplicate back in as your final step.

Yes, you are right in your analysis. I think, the point Sergey was making was that this approach could make you falter if you are not extremely careful (he's totally right!). If there is an overlap in the two sets you are deducting out of the total, you need to take care to add that back.

Personally, I like the 'With B/without B' approach for such questions. There is no overlap possible since they are complementary situations.
With B - You cannot choose A and C so you must pick D and E. Only one way
Without B - You have 4 options and 4C3 ways to select the committee i.e. 4 ways
Total 1 + 4 = 5 ways
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Yes, this is the point I was trying to make. Even worse, if you have three restrictions, you would end up using an inclusion-exclusion formula, such as the one you are using to solve problems about overlapping sets...

Yes, you are right. In fact, I have found that sometimes sets concepts are extremely helpful in solving probability questions. I discussed an interesting sets method to solve a probability question in one of my posts sometime back.

@senior: You may like it so here is the link:
https://www.gmatclub.com/forum/veritas-prep-resource-links-no-longer-available-399979.html#/2012/01 ... e-couples/
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I see. This way we do not have to count the arrangements with exactly one couple sitting together.

This was too complicated for me to think about, so I came up with a different solution.
First arrange two couples. There are three equiprobable arrangements: ([]), ([)], ()[].
In the first one there is a couple sitting together, so the stranger can "spoil" this arrangement in only one of five ways.
In the second one no couple is already sitting together, no matter what the stranger does.
In the third one there will be a couple sitting together, no matter what.
Thus we have 1/3*1/5 + 1/3 + 0 = 6/15=2/5.

I have question here ..

with paul.. i think we shud take 2c2.. because

becase jane and paul will always be in one team because jane refuse to b in comitee without paul..and no staurt can be with them both.. so we have only choice jessica and joan..

correct me if m wrong
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Jane refuses to be in the committee without Paul but Paul doesn't refuse to be in the committee without Jane. This means that When Paul is in the committee, Jane may or may not be there. She is one of the candidates we will consider but we needn't 'have to have her in the committee'.

When Paul is not in the committee then Jane is not to be considered.
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So just to get this right and move on.

Is it incorrect to do 10C3 - 3C2 (Two of them can't be together) - 3C2 (Jane can only be with Paul, so let's pick the cases in which she needs 1 more member, Paul excluded) = 4

I got to the right answer but not sure if the logic is sound because I've never dealt with two parallel restrictions

Please advice

Cheers
J

What you need to do is this:
5C3 - 3C1 - 3C2 = 4

5C3 (choose any 3 of 5)
3C1 (Ways of forming a committee having both Paul and Stuart. You need to select only 1 more from the 3 leftover people)
3C2 (Ways of forming a committee with Jane but without Paul. Select 2 of the leftover 3 people)

Note that 3C1 has Paul definitely and 3C2 does not have Paul definitely. Hence there will be no overlap in these committees.
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I just get the feeling that all these combinations are really misleading and unecessary to solve this one. Correct answer is 5 not 4 as official answer.

1 possible way - when Saul & Paul are out you have Jessica, Jane and Joan
3 ways when Sean is added to committe and combines: 1. Sean, Jessica, Joan 2. sean, jessica, jane & 3. Sean, joan, jane
1 way when paul is in the comitte - sean joan jessica

Adding those up it's 5! Am i crazy or what?

Posted from GMAT ToolKit

The committees in red are not possible: Jane cannot be in the committee without Paul.

There are only 4 committees possible:
{Jane, Paul, Joan}
{Jane, Paul, Jessica}
{Paul, Jane, Jessica}
{Stuart, Joan, Jessica}

Please read the whole thread and try to understand the approaches presented there...
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This is indeed a very good question