Ann: All the campers at Camp Winnehatchee go to Tri-Cities High School

Bill: That?s not true. Some Tri-Cities students are campers at Camp Lakemont.

Bill?s answer can be best explained on the assumption that he has interpreted Ann?s
remark to mean that
(A) most of the campers at Camp Lakemont come from high schools other than Tri-
Cities
(B) most Tri-Cities High School students are campers at Camp Winnehatchee
(C) some Tri-Cities High School students have withdrawn from Camp Lakemont
(D) all Tri-Cities High School students have withdrawn from Camp Lakemont
(E) only campers at Camp Winnehatchee are students at Tri-Cities High School

More than a year ago, the city announced that police would crack down on illegally
parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to
ticketing illegally parked cars. But no crackdown has taken place. The police chief
claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to
combating the city?s staggering drug problem. Yet the police are still writing as
many speeding tickets as ever. Therefore, the excuse about resources being tied up
in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.

The conclusion in the passage depends on the assumption that
(A) every member of the police force is qualified to work on combating the city?s
drug problem
(B) drug-related crime is not as serious a problem for the city as the police chief
claims it is
(C) writing speeding tickets should be as important a priority for the city as
combating drug-related crime
(D) the police could be cracking down on illegally parked cars and combating the
drug problem without having to reduce writing speeding tickets
(E) the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while
diverting resources to combating drug-related crime

A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current
consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty
billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget
deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the
demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our country from
being too dependent on foreign oil producers.

Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author?s
reasoning?
(A) The author cites irrelevant data.
(B) The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.
(C) The author makes incompatible assumptions.
(D) The author mistakes an effect for a cause.
(E) The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.



There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before
being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation
of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor
scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from
careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and
rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain
disconfirmatory results.

Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are
replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer
review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny
of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.