As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective.
10. The author of the passage above bases his conclusion on which of the following?
(A) A circular definition of “disinformation
(B) An example of the ineffectiveness of lying as a weapon in the propaganda war
(C) An analogy between truth and water
(D) An appeal to the authority of the fire department
(E) An attack on the character of American intelligence agents in Western Europe


11. The author’s main point is that
(A) although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds
(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth
(C) the temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses
(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe
(E) disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States
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IMO
10. C
11. E
Will be waiting for OA!
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10. C

11. E

OA???

C, E

The analogy of fire and campaign implies that the campaign is not an effective means of fighting the fire?

C & E

10. I thought for B and C as contenders. I eliminated B, because the argument does not label disinformation technique as ineffective. Even if it does so, it is through the use of analogy, and combine it with the first sentence that the author prefers truth.
11. My contenders were A and E. A could not be the answer, because it introduces a term 'ethical' not mentioned previously in the text.

I also go for C, E
C is well explained above.

I went for E because:
a) A brings the term "ethical" which though may be inferred is not mentioned.
b) The apologists contend that disinformation hampers political interest and can be matched with disinformation. To this the author replies that water (read truth) is more effective, suggesting that disinformation is not an effective weapon to counter Soviets attempt to damage political interest.
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Has to be C E
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C,A - OAs pls...

C and E for me too.