Based on scientific data provided by Mars missions, the

Here let us first identify the major problem with this statement ( the kind of problem that can make Amerika declare a war on Iran)

Based on some data .............. the planet experiences large release of liquid. ... This is not true the data only tells us this information the release of water happens because of some other reason which is none of our business but what we do know is that the mars mission didn't cause that water to release.

So clearly option A and B are wrong .. kick 'em out.

now in C D E we see .. "THAT" & "AND" ..... the underlined statement is followed by an 'and' and as that 'and' is not underlined so we know that 'and' is correct and now it is our job to make sure that 'and' looks correct. About 'and' we know that 'and' is an coordinating conjunction and we also know that it is also a Parallelism indicator which means that the both statements before 'and' and after 'and' should be parallel and both are being followed by the same premise.

Only option D adds " That" .