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Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth

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SVP
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Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth [#permalink] New post 26 Jan 2008, 09:58
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Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.

a) scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly

b) scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly.

c) scientists learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed

d) learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly

e) learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed by scientists



Please provide grammatical explanation to your chosen answer.
thanks
SVP
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Re: SC: Scientists [#permalink] New post 26 Jan 2008, 10:40
OA is C. But I chose D because "scientists" was correctly placed right after the modifier. It is perfectly describing "scientists", but something else must be wrong with D that we haven't realised yet.
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Re: SC: Scientists [#permalink] New post 26 Jan 2008, 10:48
I think D sounds good. :-D

a) scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly
: Unclear. Who remove it?

b) scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly.
: No conjunction between 2 sentences.

c) scientists learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed
: Same problem as B. No conjunction.

d) learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly

e) learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed by scientists
: Wrong referent. "It" cant learn.
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Re: SC: Scientists [#permalink] New post 26 Jan 2008, 20:35
This sentence has past perfect tense issue:

a) scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly (“removing” is working as modifier buy required a verb - eliminate it)

b) scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly. (Sentence has past perfect issue – one needs to be in a simple past – eliminate it)

c) scientists learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed (This is correctly defining the past perfect – hold it)

d) learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone , scientists had to remove it painstakingly (why learning – eliminate it)

e) learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed by scientists (why learning – eliminate it)

Answer: C
Re: SC: Scientists   [#permalink] 26 Jan 2008, 20:35
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