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By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized [#permalink]
 04 Nov 2003, 22:24
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. By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized households, a group of modern urban anthropologists has found that a household discards less food the more standardizedтАФmade up of canned and prepackaged foodsтАФits diet is. The more standardized a householdтАЩs diet is, however, the greater the quantities of fresh produce the household throws away.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
(A) An increasing number of households rely on a highly standardized diet.
(B) The less standardized a householdтАЩs diet is, the more nonfood waste the household discards.
(C) The less standardized a householdтАЩs diet is, the smaller is the proportion of fresh produce in the householdтАЩs food waste.
(D) The less standardized a householdтАЩs diet is, the more canned and prepackaged foods the household discards as waste.
(E) The more fresh produce a household buys, the more fresh produce it throws away.
Please explain your position.
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here's my thoughts
1. more standardized diet >>>less food is discarded
2. more standardized diet >>>more fresh food is discarded (this introduces one more component to the 'food'.
If they waste more fresh food, but the total amount of discarded food decreases, there must be something that takes a larger share of a garbage or something that decreases at a greater rate, and something which otherwise would have constituted a large proportion in the total amount of food garbage (in case of less standardized diet). That is canned food. Answer C.
Why I disregard D? In fact I did not find any mathematical flaws in this answer, but I like C more, since it is more precise.
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I'll say C
Let's compare two households:
First one with SUPER STANDARTIZED diet (SS)
Second with VERY UNSTANDARTIZED (VU)
We know that
1. the more standard -> less food in waste
2. the more standard -> more fresh produce in waste
Waste of SS
Let's take:
100 unit of food of which 50 fresh produce (50% proportion)
Consequently for waste of VU
More than 100 unit of food (say 200) of which less than 50 fresh produce (say 10)
Summary:
200 unit of food of which 10 - fresh produce (5% proportion)
We can see that VU has much smaller proportion of fresh produce in total food waste -> C
However, we can solve it in other way (POE)
A and E - clearly out of the scope
Since we know nothing about non-food waste -> B is out
D is tempting, but IMO is wrong since FRESH FOOD and CANNED and PREPACAGED FOOD is not a full set of FOOD
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you employ so elaborated techniques... they consume a lot of time.
I simply follow the initial line of reasoning:
(1) IF the households apply more standardized diet, THEN they discard less food
(2) IF they apply more standardized diet, THEN the households throw away more fresh produce.
Inference (1) IF the households apply LESS standardized diet, THEN they discard MORE food. No such options.
Inference (2) (not a conclusion!): IF they apply LESS standardized diet, THEN the households throw away LESS fresh produce. C matches.
Correct conclusions:
(1) IF the households discard MORE food, THEN they apply LESS standardized diet.
(2) IF the households throw away LESS fresh produce, THEN they apply LESS standardized diet.
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You can not conclude that C is right just out of the inference (2) solely.
We are talking about proportions (in C) not about absolute values.
If you join inference 1 and inference 2, you'll come up to the right conclusion.
You should note that since total amount of discarded food is going UP (when standartization of a diet decreasing) and total amount of fresh produce going DOWN. -> share of fresh products in waste is decreasing
Last edited by Mikhail on 05 Nov 2003, 05:08, edited 1 time in total.
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You think that we should unite inferences (1) and (2) to get C, right?
I think it is not that necessary. If we had had 20 options, uniting would have been a must. In our case, that C is correct is seen after writing Inf (2).
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IF they (households) apply LESS standardized diet, THEN the households throw away LESS fresh produce (than do householdes with MORE standardized diet).
=>
The less standardized a household’s diet is, the smaller is the proportion of fresh produce in the household’s food waste.
Stolyar,
am I right assuming that you think that reasoning above is valid?
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As I told before, I think that that C is correct is seen after writing inf (2).
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OK
Either I haven't understood you or I am not agree with you.
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Right answer is C
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Re: By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized [#permalink]
13 Jul 2012, 10:52
C does the best job, so that is my pick.
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Re: By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized
[#permalink]
13 Jul 2012, 10:52
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