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Statistician: Changes in the Sun’s luminosity correlate exceedingly well with average land temperatures on Earth. Clearly—and contrary to accepted opinion among meteorologists—the Sun’s luminosity essentially controls land temperatures on Earth.
Change in X is proportional to change in Y
It means : X controls Y
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Meteorologist: I disagree. Any professional meteorologist will tell you that in a system as complicated as that giving rise to the climate, no significant aspect can be controlled by a single variable
e.g. Climate; Y can not be controlled by single factor X.
Meaning: Y can be controlled by X but not only with X.
The rejection by the meteorologist of the statistician's conclusion employs which one of the following techniques of argumentation?
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(A) supporting a conclusion about a specific case by invoking a relevant generalization
relevant generalization: (Any professional meteorologist will tell you)
about a specific case : Climate
supporting a conclusion: Meteorologist didn’t reject conclusion . they just said it can not be controlled only by X .( they never said it can not be controlled by X).
So Hang on to A.
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(B) producing a single counterexample that establishes that a generalization is false as state
single counterexample: There is no example given when X ( luminosity ) never changes Y (temperature). – so I rejected this option.
The example given is of climate in which temperature plays a role but how big role is the query what meteorologist disagrees about.
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(C) reanalyzing a correlation as reflecting the multiple effects of a single cause
Multiple cause for a given effect
But option is given multiple effects of a single cause
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(D) rejecting a conclusion because it is a proposition that cannot be experimentally tested
We don’t know whether can be experemitennally trsted . There is nothing given about expereimentation in the argument.
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(E) pointing out that potentially unfavourable evident has been systematically neglected
Unfavoruable evident is wrong. Meteorlogist says that some generalization fact is neglected.