souvik101990 wrote:
The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin‟s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) The brain of person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia
(B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.
(C) The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of person who is not twines.
(D) When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size
(E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.
Here the conclusion is
schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.
and is based on the premise that When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin‟s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twincause effect
Physical damage to the structure--------------------------------> Schizophrenia.So the point of reasoning is cause leads to the effect
i) No alternate cause leads to the stated effect
ii) Effect does not leads to the cause
iii) Data used for arriving the result is accurate
iv) when cause happens effect happens
The above four might be the assumption
(A) The brain of person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia.
talks about anyone's brain so out of scope(B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.
Thsi matches with our pre thinking no (ii)
If we negate it what will happen
just check
The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment
See the negated version shatters conclusion(C) The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of person who is not twines.
out of scope(D) When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size
stimulus never talks about this so out of scope(E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.
irrelevantHence B