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Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral [#permalink]
 05 Oct 2010, 14:04
Question Stats:
25% (01:50) correct
75% (00:30) wrong based on 0 sessions
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
Just wanted to be sure that in such sentence formations, the clauses preceding the comma should modify the noun immediately following the comma.
In the above example, in option A and E, "the collateral" refers to the complete "Declining values for farm equipment and land" and not only to noun "farm equipment and land"
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
05 Oct 2010, 14:30
Orange08 wrote: Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
Just wanted to be sure that in such sentence formations, the clauses preceding the comma should modify the noun immediately following the comma.
In the above example, in option A and E, "the collateral" refers to the complete "Declining values for farm equipment and land" and not only to noun "farm equipment and land" I had narrowed down to D & E and did indeed choose D. However, there was a lot of discussion on this same question in 2007. And finally I realized that the correct answer should be (E). The part preceding the comma says – Declining values of farm equip and land. Therefore, if we use (D), the relative pronoun “which” will have to modify – “declining values of equip and land”, and farmers can not use the declining values as collateral. It will be tempting for most of us to choose (D) since it appears that “which” in (D) is modifying the farm equipment and land, but it is important to realize what the statement is trying to convey. (correct me if I am wrong). By choosing (E): “the collateral against which ……..” is referring only to the farm equipment and land. It is NOT referring to the declining values of farm equipment and land ! Hence, E is correct.
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
05 Oct 2010, 20:10
Declining values for X , the collatrel..........., is/are modifier, clause, is/are 1st point Declining values ....need are , so A,B and C - out D and E In E - the modifier modifies the subject , collateral .. meaning is clear declining values of collateral ... blah blah So,E Please let me know if my reasoning is wrong. Please share OA
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
06 Oct 2010, 12:37
adishail wrote:
I had narrowed down to D & E and did indeed choose D. However, there was a lot of discussion on this same question in 2007. And finally I realized that the correct answer should be (E).
The part preceding the comma says – Declining values of farm equip and land. Therefore, if we use (D), the relative pronoun “which” will have to modify – “declining values of equip and land”, and farmers can not use the declining values as collateral. It will be tempting for most of us to choose (D) since it appears that “which” in (D) is modifying the farm equipment and land, but it is important to realize what the statement is trying to convey. (correct me if I am wrong).
By choosing (E): “the collateral against which ……..” is referring only to the farm equipment and land. It is NOT referring to the declining values of farm equipment and land !
Hence, E is correct.
why should "which" refer to " declining values of equip and land"? shouldn't "which" refer to noun immediately preceding it? Means, in our case, it would be "equip and land". Also, how do you conclude that, in option E, "the collateral against which...." is referring only to the farm equipment and land and NOT referring to their declining values?
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
06 Oct 2010, 13:01
Orange08 wrote: Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
Just wanted to be sure that in such sentence formations, the clauses preceding the comma should modify the noun immediately following the comma.
In the above example, in option A and E, "the collateral" refers to the complete "Declining values for farm equipment and land" and not only to noun "farm equipment and land" Orange, In this SC the phrase "Declining values for farm equipment and land" modifies the noun " collateral" We can eliminate A,B,C :Declinin values - plural , is- singular In D, "Declining values..." incorrectly modifies "farmers" answer :E
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
06 Oct 2010, 13:34
between D & E. (D)which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are Which refers to the land only, but it needs to touch upon both equipment and land.(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are E solves this problem refering to both equipment and land.
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
19 Oct 2010, 11:29
still confused.
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
In option D, does "which" refer to "land"- the noun preceding it?
In option E, does "the collateral" refer to "land" or to "the declining values for farm equipment and land"?
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
19 Oct 2010, 12:32
@Orange08: First of all a declining value can not be an asset upon which or against which one can borrow, so in both cases, logically - the declining values - is out of the reckoning Now to answer your query, D) Which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are In option D, does "which" refer to "land"- the noun preceding it? Yes. It does and that is why it is wrong. It should as per the passage refer to both farm equipment and land (E) The collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are In option E, does "the collateral" refer to "land" or to "the declining values for farm equipment and land"? To neither. The collateral refers to both farm equipment and land, because collateral is a collective noun representing its units, just as the word wealth does not limit to one or two assets but stands for all the properties one has.
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Re: Farm equipment and land [#permalink]
19 Oct 2010, 14:34
E. Split between is and are. wrong usage of which on D as which modifies only the land.
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Re: Farm equipment and land
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19 Oct 2010, 14:34
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