crunchboss wrote:
When students receive negative criticism generated by computer programs, they are less likely to respond positively than when the critic is a human. Since the acceptance of criticism requires that one respond positively to it, students are more likely to learn from criticism by humans than from criticism by computers.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Students are more likely to learn from criticism that they accept than from criticism they do not accept.
(B) Unlike human critics, computers are incapable of showing compassion.
(C) Students always know whether their critics are computers or humans.
(D) Criticism generated by computers is likely to be less favorable than that produced by human critics in response to the same work.
(E) Criticism generated by computers is likely to be no more or less favorable than that produced by human critics in response to the same work.
LSAT Assumption question.
OA: A
I have difficult time negating Option C, which is incorrect. Please help me to negate option C.
Dear
crunchboss,
I'm happy to respond.
First, I will say that the Negation Test, while very important, is not the only method for identifying an assumption. There's also what I call the Bridge Approach, which I discuss in this blog article:
Assumptions and the Negation Test on the GMATIn this argument, we are talking about criticism and acceptance of criticism, and all of a sudden, out of the blue, there's a logical leap to the topic of
learning from criticism. Wait, what's the link between
acceptance of criticism and
learning from criticism? Choice (A) beautifully provides this link, and not other choice does. That's the Bridge Approach.
We can also use the Negation Test. It's extremely important to remember:
a) If we negate a choice, and this negation unambiguously and unavoidably devastates the argument, then this choice is likely to be an assumption.
b) If we negate a choice, and either the argument still works, or we can't really tell how the negation affects the argument, then this choice is NOT an assumption. If the negation produces ambiguity and uncertainty, then this choice is NOT an assumption.
Let's negate (C). Here's a strong negation.
(C)
Students usually have no idea whether their critics are computers or humans.Well, hmmm. This leaves us with a lot of questions. We know that students are more likely to accept criticism from humans---is this simply because it comes from a human, or is it more that human criticism has desirable characteristic such as empathy or sympathy that computer criticism lacks? In that case, it might be that student would continue to accept most criticism that displayed these qualities, regardless of its source. Or, by contrast, would students just stop accepting any criticism, if they were unable to identify the source? In that case, it wouldn't make a difference if humans were the source of the criticism, because students, not aware of the source, would be refusing to accept any criticism. We don't know. The negation of the statement could be a weakener or it could be irrelevant, depending on others facts we don't know. When the negation produces this kind of ambiguity, the original choice is NOT an assumption.
Does all this make sense?
Mike