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Another example: Does it happen the same with "who"? The percentage of high school graduates in the United States who go on to college is fifty-two, compared with Canada’s thirty-five percent, Great Britain’s fifteen, Japan’s fifteen, and West Germany’s fifteen. "who go on to college" is modifying US or graduates? Thanks,
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245. Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants.
(A) paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have (B) paid in occupations that are predominantly make over those that are predominantly female have (C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have (D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has
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Is E the correct answer,
generally the idiom is X over y.
and here is we are comparing male Occupations to female. Is this not the wrong comparison.
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Hey kevskesav, In fact, that is the correct comparison. We're comparing occupations that are predominantly male to the predominantly female (occupations). They left out the noun, but that's because it's understood. As for Noboru's example, yes, your example is grammatically correct, because even though the relative clause isn't directly touching what it modifies, that's because we already have another modifier (and they can't both touch) "of high school graduates" which ITSELF is then modified by "in the United States". Hope that helps! -t
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Hi tommy Thanks for awesome explanation ! In D "those" refers to occupations. But does occupations have gender? Is it grammatically correct to say - occupations that are predominantly female? Also in E, I think discrimination is wrt wages. I can interpret E as discrimination in wages paid in predominantly male occupations over the wages paid in predominantly female occupations has ---> is this correct? (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has thanks TommyWallach wrote: (D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has COMPARISON: This gives us a noun and a clause again, just like A. -tommy
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Hey Nusma, Well the sentence itself already says "predominantly male occupations", so it must be okay to imply that other occupations are predominantly female. It isn't that the word itself has a gender, it's just like saying "The boys soccer team". -t
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nusmavrik wrote: Hi tommy Also in E, I think discrimination is wrt wages. I can interpret E as discrimination in wages paid in predominantly male occupations over the wages paid in predominantly female occupations has ---> is this correct? (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has thanks TommyWallach wrote: (D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has COMPARISON: This gives us a noun and a clause again, just like A. -tommy Hi Tommy, as pointed by nusmavrik above,shouldnt the comparison be parallel. What i mean is discrimination in wages paid in predominantly male occupations over the wages paid in predominantly female occupations has ---> is this correct? HERE "discrimination in wages paid in predominantly male occupations " is parallel with "the wages paid in predominantly female occupations " so in the following fragment (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has "wages paid in predominantly male occupations " is not parallel with "the predominantly female " Can u explain?Is it understood? It seems awkword
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noboru wrote: TommyWallach wrote: Hey Noboru,
You're absolutely right on this front. Though I would argue that there's still a lack of clarity over which one is being modified (an issue that E resolves by removing the relative pronoun entirely), logic DOES tell us it must be discrimination, not wages. Luckily, C still has the verb error at the end of the sentence, so we don't have to make a decision on this alone.
Hope that makes sense. Occasionally relative pronouns DO have to modify something they don't touch (something that ALREADY has a modifier, so it's impossible for both modifiers to touch...in this case, the other modifier is "in wages"), but if you can avoid it, do so. : )
-t Yes, for me it makes sense. Here is another one. It has already been discussed here: sc-dr-sayre-s-lecture-48411.html but some issues are still there. For me, "that" modifies episodes, which is plural, so it must be "illustrate". Between C and D, I prefer C, although I would prefer "among" rather than "between". Dr. Sayre’s lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrates what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support. (A) relations between nations that illustrates (B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates (C) relations between nations that illustrate (D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate (E) relations of nations that illustrates Later on I will post the OA. Many thanks. Nobody is going to share his thoughts on the example above?
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I will second Tommy  . Besides his point, D has another problem. Discrimination in wages that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has -----> this means "discrimination" that favors predominantly male occupations over predominantly female occupations. Note that discrimination is wrt "wages" not wrt "occupations". Compare with original sentence " Discrimination in wages paid - choice A (E) at least hangs around the original meaning. Though it may not be 100% proof. I can still work with the base sentence - "Discrimination in wages paid in" [predominantly male occupations] over the [wages paid in] predominantly female [occupations] has ---> ellipsis
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Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants.
(A) paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have (B) paid in occupations that are predominantly make over those that are predominantly female have (C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have (D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has
thanks for the great exp tommy.. but yes..jus concentrating between has and have solves the question
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SumeetGill wrote: Also I think the subject here is "wages" and not "discrimination", so it needs a "have" and not "has". Hey tommy i am digging up a very old topic.Hope u dont get irritated. I have a very conceptual question. MGMAT SC strategy guide suggests that we may eliminate the middlemen (propositional modifiers) to find the subject and verb. so in the sentence Discrimination in wages that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants. The that clause in the bolded part should modify discrimination when we eliminate "in wages" as "in wages" is a prepositional modifier.
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TommyWallach wrote: Hey All, Lots of conversation around this one, but it doesn't look like anyone's taken it apart piece by piece. Let's do that. This is a tough question, because it is masquerading as a comparison question. I saw a lot of people mention comparison here, and there absolutely is one. However, none of them really compare the way I (and probably you) would like to see it, "Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over those paid in occupations that are predominantly female..." Then we would get the comparison we want. But none of the answers do it, so comparison must not be the issue here. In reality, it's much simpler: this is a straight-forward subject-verb agreement question. The two important splits are paid/favors, and have/has at the end. Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants. (A) paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have PROBLEM: The subject of "have" is "discrimination", which is singular, so we need "has". How do we know it's "discrimination", and not "wages" or "occupations"? Well, if you'd read the MGMAT Sentence Correction guide, you'd know! : ) The subject of a sentence will never be within a prepositional phrase. "in wages paid" is prepositional, as is "in occupations". This means "discrimination" is our subject, which is singular. (B) paid in occupations that are predominantly make over those that are predominantly female have PROBLEM: same as above. (C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have PROBLEM: Because "that" is a relative pronoun, we know that this phrase modifies "wages". This means "wages" must be the subject of "favors", so it should be "favor". That's a rough one. Hope that helps! -tommy Hey tommy i am digging up a very old topic.Hope u dont get irritated. I have a very conceptual question. MGMAT SC strategy guide suggests that we may eliminate the middlemen (propositional modifiers) to find the subject and verb. so in the sentence Discrimination in wages that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants. The that clause in the bolded part should modify discrimination when we eliminate "in wages" as "in wages" is a prepositional modifier.
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Hey Munda, I don't quite understand your question. The "that" clause modifies the big noun "discrimination in wages." It's sort of like saying: "The Jack in the box that I got for Christmas is broken." "in the box" is technically modifying "Jack", but really it's just one big noun "The Jack In The Box". Also, the rule you're referencing is to deal with subject-verb agreement issues, not modifier issues. You get rid of middlemen to locate the subject and verb, not to figure out how the modifiers are working. You wouldn't want to get rid of middlemen to deal with modifiers, because middlemen ARE modifiers. -t
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TommyWallach wrote: Hey All,
(C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have PROBLEM: Because "that" is a relative pronoun, we know that this phrase modifies "wages". This means "wages" must be the subject of "favors", so it should be "favor".That's a rough one. Hope that helps!
-tommy Tommy I am confused because in the bolded part above you have written that "favors modifies wages as the phrase beginning with "that" modifies wages and in the last post (quoted below )you have mentioned that "Jack in the box" has to be treated as a big noun. TommyWallach wrote: Hey Munda,
I don't quite understand your question. The "that" clause modifies the big noun "discrimination in wages." It's sort of like saying:
"The Jack in the box that I got for Christmas is broken."
"in the box" is technically modifying "Jack", but really it's just one big noun "The Jack In The Box".
Also, the rule you're referencing is to deal with subject-verb agreement issues, not modifier issues. You get rid of middlemen to locate the subject and verb, not to figure out how the modifiers are working. You wouldn't want to get rid of middlemen to deal with modifiers, because middlemen ARE modifiers.
-t
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Hi Tommy Supposing that "THAT" refers here correctly to discrimination and there is no problem with clarity > could not be then C+D ruled out because Discrimination is only inanimate abstract term and as itself, discrimination cannot favor anything at all? noboru wrote: TommyWallach wrote: Hey Noboru,
You're absolutely right on this front. Though I would argue that there's still a lack of clarity over which one is being modified (an issue that E resolves by removing the relative pronoun entirely), logic DOES tell us it must be discrimination, not wages. Luckily, C still has the verb error at the end of the sentence, so we don't have to make a decision on this alone.
Hope that makes sense. Occasionally relative pronouns DO have to modify something they don't touch (something that ALREADY has a modifier, so it's impossible for both modifiers to touch...in this case, the other modifier is "in wages"), but if you can avoid it, do so. : )
-t Yes, for me it makes sense. Here is another one. It has already been discussed here: sc-dr-sayre-s-lecture-48411.html but some issues are still there. For me, "that" modifies episodes, which is plural, so it must be "illustrate". Between C and D, I prefer C, although I would prefer "among" rather than "between". Dr. Sayre’s lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrates what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support. (A) relations between nations that illustrates (B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates (C) relations between nations that illustrate (D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate (E) relations of nations that illustrates Later on I will post the OA. Many thanks.
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TommyWallach wrote: Hey All, Lots of conversation around this one, but it doesn't look like anyone's taken it apart piece by piece. Let's do that. This is a tough question, because it is masquerading as a comparison question. I saw a lot of people mention comparison here, and there absolutely is one. However, none of them really compare the way I (and probably you) would like to see it, "Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over those paid in occupations that are predominantly female..." Then we would get the comparison we want. But none of the answers do it, so comparison must not be the issue here. In reality, it's much simpler: this is a straight-forward subject-verb agreement question. The two important splits are paid/favors, and have/has at the end. Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants. (A) paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have PROBLEM: The subject of "have" is "discrimination", which is singular, so we need "has". How do we know it's "discrimination", and not "wages" or "occupations"? Well, if you'd read the MGMAT Sentence Correction guide, you'd know! : ) The subject of a sentence will never be within a prepositional phrase. "in wages paid" is prepositional, as is "in occupations". This means "discrimination" is our subject, which is singular. (B) paid in occupations that are predominantly make over those that are predominantly female have PROBLEM: same as above. (C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have PROBLEM: Because "that" is a relative pronoun, we know that this phrase modifies "wages". This means "wages" must be the subject of "favors", so it should be "favor". (D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has PROBLEM: Same as above. (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has ANSWER: Correct in all ways. That's a rough one. Hope that helps! -tommy Tommy You rock! Thanks a ton mate!
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Yeah...Really a rough one..Hope I don't get such question in my GMAT.
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Hey Matthew, You're absolutely right. Yes, LOGICALLY, we know that discrimination is the subject of "favor." I'm right to the extent that the use of the relative pronoun is unclear, because relative pronouns generally modify what they touch, which is "wages" here. However, YOU'RE right in that there are exceptions when you have an already modified noun, as we do here ("Discrimination in wages..." the first word is modified by the prepositional phrase "in wages"). Luckily, the verb at the end doesn't match if "discrimination" is the subject in C. And the pronoun usage is wrong in D. Those issues are more ironclad. -tommy
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The flaw in D is very basic. It says - wages that favors-, a singular verb for the plural wagesOf course, there may be arguments that - favors - stands for the entire phrase - discrimination in wages and therefore the singular verb is justified. The right diction for such intent will be - discrimination in wages favouring – Secondly the phrase – predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female - can be as effectively expressed as - predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female – We can dismiss D on these counts. This leaves us with E
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Lots of concepts discussed here. I learned lots of things from this post. Thanks all!!
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sidbidus wrote: 245. Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants.
(A) paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have (B) paid in occupations that are predominantly make over those that are predominantly female have (C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have (D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has (E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has D seems correct all 3 red sections are aligned.
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