Early 16th Century moralist philosophers, particularly in France and England, regarded Machiavelli’s The Prince as a collection of cynical precepts for tyrants, and not until the 17th Century was the view of Machiavelli as a teacher of evil questioned by philosophers.
The sentence is trying to say early philosophers regarded someone's writing as a collection of cynical precepts for tyrants and later view that someone as a teacher of evil. We should keep the active voice. With that in mind, B and E are out.

C. Early 16th Century moralist philosophers, in France and England particularly, considered Machiavelli’s The Prince as a collection of cynical precepts for tyrants, and not until the 17th Century was the view of Machiavelli as a teacher of evil questioned by philosophers. (seems awkward and should be switch to particularly in.....)

D. Early 16th Century moralist philosophers, particularly in France and England, regarded Machiavelli’s The Prince to be a collection of cynical precepts for tyrants, and not until the 17th Century philosophers was the view of Machiavelli as a teacher of evil questioned. (Regarded...to be... is idiomatically incorrect)

A. Early 16th Century moralist philosophers, particularly in France and England, regarded Machiavelli’s The Prince as a collection of cynical precepts for tyrants, and not until the 17th Century was the view of Machiavelli as a teacher of evil questioned by philosophers. (Sentence is clear in its meaning and has the correct idiom, regarded...as...)