Flavonoids are a common component of almost all plants, but a specific variety of flavonoid
in apples has been found to be an antioxidant. Antioxidants are known to be a factor in the
prevention of heart disease. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the
passage?
A) A diet composed largely of fruits and vegetables will help to prevent heart disease.
b) Flavonoids are essential to preventing heart disease.
c) Eating at least one apple each day will prevent heart disease.
d) At least one type of flavonoid helps to prevent heart disease.
e) A diet deficient in antioxidants is a common cause of heart disease.


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I feel the answer is [D]. To examine the choices:

Choice 1. It states that "A diet composed largely of fruits and vegetables will help to prevent heart disease.", but as per the question, only apples are supposed to have a variety of Flavonoids which contains anti-oxidants.
Choice 2. It states that "Flavonoids are essential to preventing heart disease." The word essential ticks me off. The question does mention Flavonoids can prevent heart disease but it does not stress it to be essential!
Choice 3. states that "Eating at least one apple each day will prevent heart disease". The question does not mention any quantity restrictions on the intake of apples!
Choice 4. states that "At least one type of flavonoid helps to prevent heart disease" which i feel is the most apt conclusion from the question.
Choice 5. states that " A diet deficient in antioxidants is a common cause of heart disease" but the question does not mention that lack of anti-oxidants is a frequent and common cause of heart attacks. It simply mentions that antioxidants can reduce the chances.

Hope my approach and answer are accurate!

Regards,
Arpan
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My Thread : Recommendation Letters

Option A: A diet composed largely of fruits and vegetables will help to prevent heart disease.
The given passage talks only about a specific flavonoid in apples but not about other fruits and vegetables.
Hence this option is incorrect.

Option B: Flavonoids are essential to preventing heart disease.
It is clearly stated in the passage that antioxidants are known to be a factor in preventing heart disease and only a specific variety of flavonoid present in apples is an antioxidant. No information about other flavonoids is given and so we cannot generalise that all flavonoids are essential to prevent heart disease.
Hence Option B is incorrect.

Option C: Eating at least one apple each day will prevent heart disease.
It is stated that a specific flavonoid present in apples is an antioxidant and hence can prevent heart disease. But the amount of it required to prevent heart disease is not given. So we cannot say for sure that one apple is enough.
Hence Option C is incorrect.

Option D: At least one type of flavonoid helps to prevent heart disease.
This is a direct implication from the passage. Antioxidants prevent heart disease. One particular type of flavonoid present in apples is an antioxidant. So this flavonoid can help prevent heart disease. In other words, atleast one type of flavonoid is found to help prevent heart disease.
Hence Option D is correct.

Option E: A diet deficient in antioxidants is a common cause of heart disease.
It is given that a antioxidants can help prevent heart disease. But it isn't given that they are the only prevention for heart disease. Also nothing is stated about the causes of heart disease.
Hence Option E is incorrect.

Therefore the correct answer is Option D.

Dear Responders,

Thank you for your explanations. I would like to congratulate everyone for selecting correct answer choice and for giving brief explanation for the same.

Here is an official explanation from PowerScore

Stimulus can be broken down into three components

First :- Flavonoids are a common component of almost all plants.
Second :- A Specific variety of flavonoid in apples has been found to be an antioxidant
Third :- Antioxidants are known to be a factor in the prevention of heart disease

Before prephasing, take a moment to look at the connections among premises.

The Flavonoid connection between the first two premises proves to be non-informative. The first premise indicates flavonoids appear frequently in plants and the second premise cites a specific instance in apples.
The Antioxidant connection in the last two premises is more revealing. The second premise indicates that a flavonoid in apples is an antioxidant, and the third premise states that antioxidants are a factor in preventing heart disease.

Adding these two points together, we can deduce that the specific flavonoid in apples is a factor in preventing heart disease. Since that statement must be true based on the premises, we can attack the five answer choices with this prephase in mind.

Choice A) Incorrect
The choice could be true, but it is too broad to be supported by the facts: nowhere are we told that a diet of fruits and vegetables will help prevent heart disease. Perhaps apples are the only fruit with the antioxidants flavonoid and there is nothing beneficial about other fruits and vegetables. And, eating a diet of fruits and vegetables is no guarantee that the diet includes apples.

Choice B) Incorrect
This answer is also a loser. Nothing in the stimulus supports the rather strong statement that flavonoids are essential to preventing heart disease

Choice C) Incorrect
The language of this choice is too strong: the stimulus only stated that apples contain an element that was a factor in preventing heart disease, not that they definitely will prevent heart disease.

Choice D) Correct
This answer is closest to our prephase, and this is the correct answer. Notice how the language of this answer choice - "helps to prevent" - matches the stimulus language - "factor in the prevention."

Choice E) Incorrect
This answer choice also could be true, but it can not be correct because the stimulus makes no mention of the causes of heart disease. Just because an antioxidant can help prevent heart disease does not mean that a lack of antioxidants causes heart disease.

Notice how the scope of the stimulus plays a role in how we attack the answer choices. The language of the stimulus is relatively broad - "almost all," "factor in the prevention," - and the author shies away from making definite statements.
Because the stimulus does not contain much in the way of direct, absolute information, selecting an answer choice that contains a direct, absolute statement is difficult to justify. This reasoning helps us eliminate answer choices (B) and (C), both of which contain strong statements that are ultimately unsupportable.

Another Decent question, now on Permutations & Combinations, is waiting for you here - on-the-x-y-plane-there-are-8-points-of-which-4-are-collinea-152716.html#p1224427

Thanks and Regards,

Narenn

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