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If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains  Question banks Downloads My Bookmarks Reviews Author Message TAGS: Intern Joined: 18 Aug 2010 Posts: 13 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 0 [0], given: 7 If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains [#permalink]  01 Nov 2010, 17:32
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If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000((1+r/100)^n-1), where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent? (1) The deposit earns a total of$210 in interest in the first two years
(2) (1 + r/100 )^2 > 1.15
[Reveal] Spoiler: OA

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Re: Annual interest [#permalink]  01 Nov 2010, 20:07
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If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000((1+r/100)^n-1), where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent? Given: I=1,000((1+\frac{r}{100})^n-1). Question: is r>8. (1) The deposit earns a total of$210 in interest in the first two years --> I=210 and n=2 --> 210=1,000((1+\frac{r}{100})^2-1) --> note that we are left with only one unknown in this equation, r, and we'll be able to solve for it and say whether it's more than 8, so even withput actual solving we can say that this statement is sufficient.

(2) (1 + r/100 )^2 > 1.15 --> if r=8 then (1+\frac{r}{100})^2=(1+\frac{8}{100})^2=1.08^2\approx{1.16}>1.15 so, if r is slightly less than 8 (for example 7.99999), (1+\frac{r}{100})^2 will still be more than 1.15. So, this statement is not sufficient to say whether r>8.

Answer: A.
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Re: Annual interest [#permalink]  01 Nov 2010, 20:16
ah... for S2, I approached it from the other angle and had to take the square root of 1.15. I got stuck there and time was running out, so I took a guess. It's much easier to multiply 1.08 by 1.08 than to take the square root of 1.15.

Thanks!
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Re: Annual interest [#permalink]  02 Nov 2010, 18:53
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butterfly wrote:
It's much easier to multiply 1.08 by 1.08 than to take the square root of 1.15.

Shortcut to multiply numbers of the form (100 + a) or (100 - a)
Write a^2 on the right hand side. Add a to the original number and write it on left side. The square is ready.

e.g. 108^2 = (100 + 8)^2 Write 64 on right hand side

________ 64

Add 8 to 108 to get 116 and write that on left hand side

11664 - Square of 108

e.g. 91^2 = (100 - 9)^2 => ______81 => 8281
(Here, subtract 9 from 91)

Note: a could be a two digit number as well.
e.g 112^2 = (100 + 12)^2 = ______44 => 12544
(Only last two digit of the square of 12 are written on the right hand side. The 1 of 144 is carried over and added to 112 + 12)

This is Vedic Math though the trick uses basic algebra.
(100 + a)^2 = 10000 + 200a + a^2
(100 + 8)^2 = 10000 + 200 x 8 + 64 = 10000 + 1600 + 64 = 11664

This is a useful trick that saves time.
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Re: Annual interest [#permalink]  03 Nov 2010, 08:59
Very neat trick Karishma! This should save me a lot of time!! THANKS
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Re: Annual interest [#permalink]  25 Dec 2012, 20:42
Bunuel wrote:
If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000((1+r/100)^n-1), where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent? Given: I=1,000((1+\frac{r}{100})^n-1). Question: is r>8. (1) The deposit earns a total of$210 in interest in the first two years --> I=210 and n=2 --> 210=1,000((1+\frac{r}{100})^2-1) --> note that we are left with only one unknown in this equation, r, and we'll be able to solve for it and say whether it's more than 8, so even withput actual solving we can say that this statement is sufficient.

(2) (1 + r/100 )^2 > 1.15 --> if r=8 then (1+\frac{r}{100})^2=(1+\frac{8}{100})^2=1.08^2\approx{1.16}>1.15 so, if r is slightly less than 8 (for example 7.99999), (1+\frac{r}{100})^2 will still be more than 1.15. So, this statement is not sufficient to say whether r>8.

Answer: A.

Hello Bunuel, your explanation for second DS choice suggests that, if we have only 1 variable in the equation, then we need not solve it. However, I have observed few of the GMAT problems that have similar quadratic equations (with second degree) solve to two different positive roots, hence the DS choice could not be true.

I believe it would be safe to solve the equation until you know if its only going to give you "one" root.
e.g. ax^2+bx-c=0, this equation will have one positive and one negative root. As rate in this case is supposed to be positive, hence only 1 root.

However, if the equation resolves to ax^2-bx+c=0 then it can have two positive roots (one of which may be less than 8 and other more than 8), hence the choice may not be true. Only if both positive roots are more than 8, then the choice can be taken as true.

Please advice.
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If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank [#permalink] 02 Jan 2013, 20:32 If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000[(1+r/100)^n - 1] , where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent?

(1) The deposit earns a total of $210 in interest in the first two years. (2) (1+r/100)^2 >1.15 [Reveal] Spoiler: A Verbal GMAT Forum Moderator Status: Preparing for the another shot...! Joined: 03 Feb 2011 Posts: 1322 Location: India Concentration: Finance, Marketing GMAT 1: 720 Q V GPA: 3.75 Followers: 64 Kudos [?]: 314 [1] , given: 52 Re: If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank [#permalink]  02 Jan 2013, 21:32
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kiyo0610 wrote:
If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000[(1+r/100)^n - 1] , where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent? (1) The deposit earns a total of$210 in interest in the first two years.

(2) (1+r/100)^2 >1.15

[Reveal] Spoiler:
A

statement 1) I=$210, n=2 Putting this in the equation given in the question, we will be able to find the value of r and thereby be able to answer the question. Suffiicient. Statement 2) Using Binomial theorem, we can infer (1+r/100)^2 > 1.15 as (1+2r/100) > 1.15. On solving this relation we will get, r>7.5. But since its not given that r is an integer then r can be 7.51, 7.6,9, 11 etc. Hence insufficient. +1A _________________ Veritas Prep GMAT Instructor Joined: 16 Oct 2010 Posts: 3113 Location: Pune, India Followers: 572 Kudos [?]: 2018 [0], given: 92 Re: If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains [#permalink]  14 Mar 2013, 21:16
Responding to a pm:
Question: (1 + .08)^2 = ?

1.08 = \frac{108}{100} (it's trickier to deal with decimal so remove it)

(\frac{108}{100})^2 = \frac{108^2}{10000}

We know how to get the square of 108
108^2 = 11664 (discussed in the post above)

So, (1 + .08)^2 = 11664/10000 = 1.1664

Or you can use (a + b)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + 2ab (the shortcut is anyway based on this formula only)

(1 + .08)^2 = 1 + .0064 + 2*1*.08 = 1.1664
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Re: If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank [#permalink] 15 Mar 2013, 00:40 Marcab wrote: kiyo0610 wrote: If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000[(1+r/100)^n - 1] , where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent?

(1) The deposit earns a total of $210 in interest in the first two years. (2) (1+r/100)^2 >1.15 The total interest is given as I=1,000[(1+r/100)^n - 1]. From F.S 1 we have that I = 210. Thus, we have a quadratic equation and we know that it can be solved leading to a fixed value for r. Sufficient.Also, one can notice that an interest of 210$ is obtained when r=10% and this is greater than 8%. Sufficient.

From F.S 2, we know that n=2. And the Interest earned would be greater than 150.Thus, I=1,000[(1+r/100)^2 - 1] = 1000[r/100*(2+\frac{r}{100})]. We know for r=8% we have this equal to 2.08*80 = 166.4 which is anyways greater than 150. Now, for r=7%, the expression equals 2.07*70 = 144.9. Thus, for a value between 7 and 8 , this value will change and become more than 150. Thus we wouldn't know for sure if r>8 or not. Insufficient.

A.
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Re: If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains [#permalink] 15 Mar 2013, 16:47 I think the gmat is always about insight and not about arithemetic . Question: Is r>8%? If r can be 8 percent or greater, the statement will be insufficient. Stmt 2) Overall interest earned over two years, is greater than 15% (If you read this far down, you know what I am talking about) Lets say the interest was 8%, then overall compound interest earned over two years will be greater than 16% and so greater than 15% It goes without saying that if the interest rate was greater than 8%, then the amount of interest earned over two years, will still be greater than 15%. It took me 1:30 seconds to see this, and another 40 seconds to type this entire post because I was not satisfied with the explanations given .No messy calculations or nail biting necessary. Manager Joined: 14 Aug 2005 Posts: 63 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 5 [0], given: 1 Re: If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains [#permalink]  16 Mar 2013, 14:26
Brilliant!

I was convinced the answer is D, when i realized that 7.99^2 is also a matter of concern!
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Re: If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains [#permalink] 19 Mar 2013, 11:37 hi all , why not D? From first statement, one can answer that interest rate is greater than 8% From second second statement, one can answer that interest rate is less than 8% So, either statement can be used to answer the question. Am I missing any thing? Please reply. Veritas Prep GMAT Instructor Joined: 16 Oct 2010 Posts: 3113 Location: Pune, India Followers: 572 Kudos [?]: 2018 [0], given: 92 Re: If$1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains [#permalink]  19 Mar 2013, 20:39
chandrak wrote:
hi all , why not D?
From first statement, one can answer that interest rate is greater than 8%
From second second statement, one can answer that interest rate is less than 8%

So, either statement can be used to answer the question. Am I missing any thing? Please reply.

How can you say that the interest rate is less than 8% from the second statement?

If r were 8%, we would have (1 + r/100 )^2 = 1.08^2 = 1.1664

Now all that statement 2 tells us is that (1 + r/100 )^2 > 1.15
We don't know whether it is less than 1.1664 or greater. Hence statement 2 alone is not sufficient.

Besides, it is not possible that statement 1 tells you that r is greater than 8% and statement 2 tells you that it is less than 8%. This is a conflict. If both statements independently give you the answer, the answer you will get will be the same i.e. either both will tell that r is greater than 8% or both will tell that r is less than 8%.
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Re: Annual interest [#permalink]  29 Mar 2013, 08:54
Bunuel wrote:
If $1,000 is deposited in a certain bank account and remains in the account along with any accumulated interest, the dollar amount of interest, I, earned by the deposit in the first n years is given by the formula I=1,000((1+r/100)^n-1), where r percent is the annual interest rate paid by the bank. Is the annual interest rate paid by the bank greater than 8 percent? Given: I=1,000((1+\frac{r}{100})^n-1). Question: is r>8. (1) The deposit earns a total of$210 in interest in the first two years --> I=210 and n=2 --> 210=1,000((1+\frac{r}{100})^2-1) --> note that we are left with only one unknown in this equation, r, and we'll be able to solve for it and say whether it's more than 8, so even withput actual solving we can say that this statement is sufficient.

(2) (1 + r/100 )^2 > 1.15 --> if r=8 then (1+\frac{r}{100})^2=(1+\frac{8}{100})^2=1.08^2\approx{1.16}>1.15 so, if r is slightly less than 8 (for example 7.99999), (1+\frac{r}{100})^2 will still be more than 1.15. So, this statement is not sufficient to say whether r>8.

Answer: A.

Bunuel,

As this is a quadratic equation , how did you concluded that we will get one value after solving this equation?
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Re: Annual interest   [#permalink] 29 Mar 2013, 08:54
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