Bunuel wrote:
If x is a positive integer less than 10, is 14,743 + x prime?
(1) x/2 is odd.
(2) x^2 = 36
Kudos for a correct solution.
VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL SOLUTION:Question Type: Yes/No. This question asks: “Is 14,743 + x prime?”
Given information in the question stem or diagram: x is a positive integer and x < 10. That means that x = 1, 2, …, 9 and that 14743 + x will equal 14,744, 14,745, …, 14,752. Also note: It is difficult to confirm that a large prime number is prime. For instance there is no good way to determine whether 1,000,001 is prime. However, it is very easy to show that 1,000,011 is NOT prime, because you know it is divisible by 3 (as the sum of its digits is divisible by 3). So your strategy here should really be to try to prove that the possible values are not prime, by finding factors of each possible value.
Statement 2 is easier because it gives you a specific value for x, so you should begin there.
Statement 2: x^2 = 36. Normally x = 6 or -6, but you have the fact that x is positive. So x must equal 6. This statement is sufficient because when you add 6 to 14,743 you will get a single value, and that number will either be a prime number or not; you do not really care which. You only need to know that the answer will be a consistent “yes” or a consistent “no” with only one number involved. If you are interested, 14,749 is not prime as it is clearly divisible by 7 so the answer is “no”! The answer is either B or D.
Statement 1: “x/2 is odd.” With conceptual understanding you see that the only numbers less than 10 that work with this statement are even numbers (so that they can still yield and integer when divided by 2) that are not multiples of 4 (so that the integer is not an even one). So x = 2 or x = 6. This means that you would be adding either 2 or 6 to 14,743. If you add 2 then you get 14,745, which is not prime since it ends in 5. If you add 6 you get 14, 749, which is not a multiple of 2, 3, or 5. However it is a multiple of 7. A quick check of division shows that 14,749 = 7*2,107. Since neither of the numbers are prime, you have a consistent “no” and this statement is also sufficient. Again, you should note that the only plausible answer to this question will be “no” or the question would be unfair. 14,747, for instance, is prime but there is no way in two minutes you could EVER prove that, so the testmakers could not have x be 4!
The correct answer is D.