In 1955 Maurice Duverger published The
Political Role of Women, the first behavioralist,
multinational comparison of women’s electoral
participation ever to use election data and survey
data together. His study analyzed women’s patterns
of voting, political candidacy, and political activism
in four European countries during the first half of
the twentieth century. Duverger’s research findings
were that women voted somewhat less frequently
than men (the difference narrowing the longer
women had the vote) and were slightly more
conservative.

Duverger’s work set an early standard for the
sensitive analysis of women’s electoral activities.
Moreover, to Duverger’s credit, he placed his
findings in the context of many of the historical
processes that had shaped these activities.
However, since these contexts have changed
over time, Duverger’s approach has proved more
durable than his actual findings. In addition,
Duverger’s discussion of his findings was hampered
by his failure to consider certain specific factors
important to women’s electoral participation
at the time he collected his data: the influence
of political regimes, the effects of economic
factors, and the ramifications of political and
social relations between women and men. Given
this failure, Duverger’s study foreshadowed the
enduring limitations of the behavioralist approach
to the multinational study of women’s political
participation.

87. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) evaluate a research study
(B) summarize the history of a research area
(C) report new research findings
(D) reinterpret old research findings
(E) reconcile conflicting research findings

88. According to the passage, Duverger's study was
unique in 1955 in that it

(A) included both election data and survey data
(B) gathered data from sources never before used
in political studies
(C) included an analysis of historical processes
(D) examined the influence on voting behavior of the
relationships between women and men
(E) analyzed not only voting and political candidacy
but also other political activities

89. Which of the following characteristics of a country is
most clearly an example of a factor that Duverger, as
described in the passage, failed to consider in his study?

(A) A large population
(B) A predominantly Protestant population
(C) A predominantly urban population
(D) A one-party government
(E) Location in the heart of Europe

90. The author implies that Duverger’s actual findings are

(A) limited because they focus on only four countries
(B) inaccurate in their description of the four countries in the early 1950s
(C) out-of-date in that they are inapplicable in the four countries today
(D) flawed because they are based on unsound data
(E) biased by Duverger’s political beliefs

9l. The passage implies that, in comparing four European
countries, Ouverger found that the voting rates of
women and men were most different in the country in
which women

(A) were most politically active
(B) ran for office most often
(C) held the most conservative political views
(D) had the most egalitarian relations with men
(E) had possessed the right to vote for the
shortest time

92. The author implies that some behavioralist research
involving the multinational study of women's political
participation that followed Ouverger's study did which
of the following?

(A) Ignored Ouverger's approach
(B) Suffered from faults similar to those in
Ouverger's study
(C) Focused on political activism
(D) Focused on the influences of political regimes
(E) Focused on the political and social relations
between women and men


OAs:
87. A
88. A
89. D
90. C
91. E
92. B

“However, since these contexts have changed
over time, Duverger’s approach has proved [u]more
durable than his actual findings. ”
pay attention to the phrase"more than",which means the actual findings is not that durable.

Did in 11.40 secs.
got 3 wrong (87, 90, 91)

Selected E for 87, but one more look assured me that A is the ans.
Understood Ques 90, but not 91.

can some1 explain again?
_________________

If you think you are lost, you are.

Regarding 90 Qn, can any 1 explain why can'nt answer be d - "flawed because they are based on unsound data ". Because the D findings did not include certain factors( like the influence of political regimes, the effects of economic factors, and the ramifications of political and social relations between women and men ) and so data is unsound. I also agree that the findings are outdated.

Sure it is
foreshadowed - --- Be a warning or indication of (a future event).

it implies tat Duverger’s study is a vvarning for (of the behavioralist approach to the multinational study of women’s political participation)

earlier it says ...
Given this failure

this implies that both have committed the same mistake .....

B


(A) Ignored Ouverger's approach ----------------foreshadowed ///
(B) Suffered from faults similar to those in Ouverger's study
(C) Focused on political activism ...{women’s political participation. NOT equal to political activism }
(D) Focused on the influences of political regimes ...(not equal to limitations )
(E) Focused on the political and social relations between women and men--- (not mentioned ) B