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Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection

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Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 16 Nov 2009, 11:33
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Guys I didn't forget your request, just was collecting good questions to post.

So here are some inequality and absolute value questions from my collection. Not every problem below is hard, but there are a few, which are quite tricky. Please provide your explanations along with the answers.

1. If 6*x*y = x^2*y + 9*y, what is the value of xy?
(1) y – x = 3
(2) x^3< 0

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-20.html#p653690

2. If y is an integer and y = |x| + x, is y = 0?
(1) x < 0
(2) y < 1

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-20.html#p653695

3. Is x^2 + y^2 > 4a?
(1) (x + y)^2 = 9a
(2) (x – y)^2 = a

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653697

4. Are x and y both positive?
(1) 2x-2y=1
(2) x/y>1

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653709

5. What is the value of y?
(1) 3|x^2 -4| = y - 2
(2) |3 - y| = 11

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653731

6. If x and y are integer, is y > 0?
(1) x +1 > 0
(2) xy > 0

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653740

7. |x+2|=|y+2| what is the value of x+y?
(1) xy<0
(2) x>2 y<2

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653783 AND inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-160.html#p1111747

8. a*b#0. Is |a|/|b|=a/b?
(1) |a*b|=a*b
(2) |a|/|b|=|a/b|

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653789

9. Is n<0?
(1) -n=|-n|
(2) n^2=16

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653792

10. If n is not equal to 0, is |n| < 4 ?
(1) n^2 > 16
(2) 1/|n| > n

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653796

11. Is |x+y|>|x-y|?
(1) |x| > |y|
(2) |x-y| < |x|

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653853

12. Is r=s?
(1) -s<=r<=s
(2) |r|>=s

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653870

13. Is |x-1| < 1?
(1) (x-1)^2 <= 1
(2) x^2 - 1 > 0

Solution: inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-from-my-collection-86939-40.html#p653886

Official answers (OA's) and detailed solutions are in my posts on pages 2 and 3.
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 17 Nov 2009, 15:04
Quote:
10. If n is not equal to 0, is |n| < 4 ?
(1) n^2 > 16
(2) 1/|n| > n


Question Stem : n # 0 ; -4 > n > 4 (excluding 0)

St. (1) : n^2 > 16
(n - 4)*(n +4) = 0 Therefore boundary conditions are 4 and - 4. Thus we can write it as : n < -4 and n > 4.
Sufficient.

St. (2) : 1/|n| > n
This condition will be valid for all n < 1 excluding 0.
Thus it will be impossible to tell whether |n| < 4.
Hence Insufficient.

Answer : A

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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 17 Nov 2009, 15:29
Quote:
11. Is |x+y|>|x-y|?
(1) |x| > |y|
(2) |x-y| < |x|


Question Stem : Is the distance between X and -Y greater than the distance between X and Y?
Note : Using number line approach.

St. (1) : |x| > |y|
OR, The distance between X and the origin is greater than the distance between Y and the origin.

Now we can have two cases :

(a) When X is positive : In this case, X > Y for the above condition to be true.

_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|__________
_________________-Y______Origin______Y........ Region of X.........

Thus we can see that the distance between X and - Y will always be greater than the distance between X and Y. Hence question stem is true.

(b) When X is negative : In this case, X < -Y for the statement to be true.

_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|__________
.... Region of X.....-Y_____Origin_______Y___________

Thus we can see that the distance between X and -Y will always be less than the distance between X and Y. Hence, question stem becomes false.

Due to conflicting statements, St (1) becomes Insufficient.

St. (2) : |x-y| < |x|
OR, the distance between X and Y is less than the distance between X and the origin.

Now again let us consider the different cases :

(a) When X is positive : For the statement to be true and for X to be positive, X must be greater than Y/2. For any value of X less than Y/2 the statement will become false. The statement will be true for any value greater than Y/2.

Thus we see that only one case comes into the picture. Now let us see how it relates to the question stem.

_________|_________|____;____|_________|________
________-Y____Origin__y/2...Y...... Region of X....

Thus we can see that the distance between X and - Y will be greater than the distance between X and Y for all values of X > Y/2. Thus question stem is true.
St. (2) is sufficient.

Answer : B
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 17 Nov 2009, 15:36
Quote:
12. Is r=s?
(1) -s<=r<=s
(2) |r|>=s


St. (1) : -s <= r < = s
Clearly Insufficient.

St. (2) : |r| >= s
When r > 0 ; r >= s.
When r < 0 ; -r >= s ; r <= -s
Therefore, this statement can be rewritten as : -s >= r >= s
Insufficient.

St. (1) and (2) : -s <= r < = s ; -s >= r >= s
For both statements to be simultaneously valid, r must be equal to s.
Hence Sufficient.

Answer : C
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 17 Nov 2009, 15:48
Quote:
13. Is |x-1| < 1?
(1) (x-1)^2 <= 1
(2) x^2 - 1 > 0


Question Stem : Is |x-1| < 1 ?
When x > 1 ; x - 1 < 1 ; x < 2.
When x < 1 ; -x + 1 < 1 ; x > 0.
Thus it can be written as : 0 < x < 2.

St. (1) : (x-1)^2 <= 1
x^2 + 1 - 2x <= 1
x^2 - 2x <= 0
x(x - 2) <= 0 ; Thus boundary values are 0 and 2.
Therefore statement can be written as : 0 <= x <= 2.
Since the values are inclusive of 0 and 2, it cannot give us the answer.
Insufficient.

St. (2) : x^2 - 1 > 0
(x + 1)*(x - 1) > 0
Statement can be written as x > 1 and x < -1.
Thus it is possible for x to hold values which make the question stem true as well as false.
Insufficient.

St. (1) and (2) : 0 <= x <= 2 ; x > 1 and x < -1
Thus combined, the statements become : 1 < x <= 2.
Since it is inclusive of 2, it will give us conflicting solutions for the question stem.
Hence Insufficient.

Answer : E

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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 17 Nov 2009, 18:24
sriharimurthy wrote:
Quote:
9. Is n<0?
(1) -n=|-n|
(2) n^2=16


Question Stem : Is n negative?

St. (1) : -n = |-n|
Let -n = A ; therefore the statement becomes : A = |A|.
This can only be valid when A is positive. This in turn means that n must be negative.
Thus Sufficient.


-n=|-n| also for n=0, hence not sufficient.

Everything else is as you suggested, therefore C
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 01:01
Marco83 wrote:
sriharimurthy wrote:
Quote:
9. Is n<0?
(1) -n=|-n|
(2) n^2=16


Question Stem : Is n negative?

St. (1) : -n = |-n|
Let -n = A ; therefore the statement becomes : A = |A|.
This can only be valid when A is positive. This in turn means that n must be negative.
Thus Sufficient.


-n=|-n| also for n=0, hence not sufficient.

Everything else is as you suggested, therefore C


Yes, you are right. I overlooked that.
Thanks.
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 10:12
Bunuel wrote:
5. What is the value of y?
(1) 3|x^2 -4| = y - 2
(2) |3 - y| = 11

(1) As we are asked to find the value of y, from this statement we can conclude only that y>=2, as LHS is absolute value which is never negative, hence RHS als can not be negative. Not sufficient.

(2) |3 - y| = 11:

y<3 --> 3-y=11 --> y=-8
y>=3 --> -3+y=11 --> y=14

Two values for y. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) y>=2, hence y=14. Sufficient.

Answer: C.



just to chime in here your thanks for all this..it's really useful
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 17:19
Bunuel wrote:
1. If 6*x*y = x^2*y + 9*y, what is the value of xy?
(1) y – x = 3
(2) x^3< 0

First let's simplify given expression 6*x*y = x^2*y + 9*y:

y*(x^2-6x+9)=0 --> y*(x-3)^2=0. Note here that we CAN NOT reduce this expression by y, as some of you did. Remember we are asked to determine the value of xy, and when reducing by y you are assuming that y doesn't equal to 0. We don't know that.

Next: we can conclude that either x=3 or/and y=0. Which means that xy equals to 0, when y=0 and x any value (including 3), OR xy=3*y when y is not equal to zero, and x=3.

(1) y-x=3. If y is not 0, x must be 3 and y-x to be 3, y must be 6. In this case xy=18. But if y=0 then x=-3 and xy=0. Two possible scenarios. Not sufficient.

(2) x^3<0. x is negative, hence x is not equals to 3, hence y must be 0. So, xy=0. Sufficient.

Answer: B.

This one was quite tricky and was solved incorrectly by all of you.

Never reduce equation by variable (or expression with variable), if you are not certain that variable (or expression with variable) doesn't equal to zero. We can not divide by zero.

Never multiply (or reduce) inequality by variable (or expression with variable) if you don't know the sign of it or are not certain that variable (or expression with variable) doesn't equal to zero.


would you think this is a 700+ question?
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 17:26
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 17:43
Bunuel wrote:
5. What is the value of y?
(1) 3|x^2 -4| = y - 2
(2) |3 - y| = 11

(1) As we are asked to find the value of y, from this statement we can conclude only that y>=2, as LHS is absolute value which is never negative, hence RHS als can not be negative. Not sufficient.

(2) |3 - y| = 11:

y<3 --> 3-y=11 --> y=-8
y>=3 --> -3+y=11 --> y=14

Two values for y. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) y>=2, hence y=14. Sufficient.

Answer: C.


Just curious if my thinking is correct.

on the 2nd part I get y = -8 and y =14
Then I substituted the values into the first equation:
3|x^2-4|=-10
the answer will never give -10/3

do the same for 14
3|x^2-4|=12
x = 0

using my methodology I also got C, but is my thinking correct?
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 19:45
Awesome stuff Bunuel! Hats off to you dude.
+5 from me.
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 18 Nov 2009, 21:02
Awesome, not only have u put the question, but solution to all the problems.
I am learning a lot. Thanks to Bunuel.
Bunuel, more questions please.
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 01 Dec 2009, 11:58
Bunuel wrote:
5. What is the value of y?
(1) 3|x^2 -4| = y - 2
(2) |3 - y| = 11

(1) As we are asked to find the value of y, from this statement we can conclude only that y>=2, as LHS is absolute value which is never negative, hence RHS als can not be negative. Not sufficient.

(2) |3 - y| = 11:

y<3 --> 3-y=11 --> y=-8
y>=3 --> -3+y=11 --> y=14

Two values for y. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) y>=2, hence y=14. Sufficient.

Answer: C.


Bunuel, I tried to solve this in another way.

1) 3|x^2 -4| = y - 2
if (x^2 -4) is positive, we can rewrite above as 3(x^2 -4) = y - 2
=> 3x^2-y = 10 -> Eqn. 1
if (x^2 -4) is negative, we can rewrite above as 3(4-x^2) = y - 2
=> -3x^2-y = -14 -> Eqn. 2
Adding equation 1 and 2, we get -2y = -4 or y = 2. So (A) as the answer is tempting.

I know this is not correct and carries the assumption that y is an integer which is not the case here.

If y indeed were an integer in the question, do you think the above approach had any problems ? I am a little confused because every inequality problem appears to have a different method for solving it!

Thanks
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 02 Dec 2009, 00:05
Bunuel,
you are correct. The key is understanding that the two equations are an 'OR' (either one is true depending on whether x^2-4 is positive or negative) and not an 'AND' (both are correct).

You mentioned that inequalities cannot be added 'the way' I did. I believe you are not saying that we cannot add inequalities. I saw an interesting discussion here - > http://www.beatthegmat.com/combining-in ... 21610.html (Sorry for the cross posting, but this may be of use to someone confused like me!)

+1 from me.

cheers
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 13 Dec 2009, 19:52
lagomez wrote:
Bunuel wrote:

13. Is |x-1| < 1?
(1) (x-1)^2 <= 1
(2) x^2 - 1 > 0


I'm getting B for this one

1. (x-1)^2 <= 1
x can be 0 which would make the question no
or x can be 1/2 which would make the answer yes
so 1 is insufficient

2. x^2 - 1 > 0
means x^2>1
so x<-1 or x>1
both of which make the question no
so sufficient


hi

how would mod(1-x)<1 would resolve, i mean the interval of x
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 14 Dec 2009, 01:21
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 22 Dec 2009, 13:55
Bunuel wrote:
7. |x+2|=|y+2| what is the value of x+y?
(1) xy<0
(2) x>2 y<2

This one is quite interesting.

First note that |x+2|=|y+2| can take only two possible forms:

A. x+2=y+2 --> x=y. This will occur if and only x and y are both >= than -2 OR both <= than -2. In that case x=y. Which means that their product will always be positive or zero when x=y=-2.
B. x+2=-y-2 --> x+y=-4. This will occur when either x or y is less then -2 and the other is more than -2.

When we have scenario A, xy will be positive only. Hence if xy is not positive we have scenario B and x+y=-4. Also note that vise-versa is not right. Meaning that we can have scenario B and xy may be positive as well as negative.

(1) xy<0 --> We have scenario B, hence x+y=-4. Sufficient.

(2) x>2 and y<2, x is not equal to y, we don't have scenario A, hence we have scenario B, hence x+y=-4. Sufficient.

Answer: D.


hey Bunuel!! first i would like to thank you for posting such wonderful questions..

regarding a question that you posted above, i got a small doubt..

|x+2|=|y+2|
so lets say |x+2|=|y+2|=k (some 'k')

now |x+2|=k =====> x+2=+/- k
and x+2= +k, iff x>-2
x+2= -k, iff x<-2

also we have |y+2|=k =====> y+2=+/- k
and y+2= +k, iff y>-2
y+2= -k, iff y<-2

so x+2=y+2 ===> x=y , iff (x>-2 and y>-2) or (x<-2 and y<-2)--------eq1
and x+y=-4, iff (x<-2 and y>-2) or (x>-2 and y<-2)-------------------eq2

now coming to the options,
1) xy<0 i.e., (x=-ve and y=+ve) or (x=+ve and y=-ve)
(x=-ve and y=+ve): this also means that x and y can have values, x=-1 and y= some +ve value. so eq2 cannot be applied, x+y#-4. if x=-3 and y=some +ve value, x+y=-4. two cases. data insuff.
(x=+ve and y=-ve): this also means that x and y can have values, x=+ve value and y=-1.so eq2 cannot be applied, x+y#-4. if x=some +ve value and y=-3, x+y=-4. two cases. data insuff.

2)x>2,y>2 for this option too we cannot judge the value of x+y, with the limits of x and y being different in the question and the answer stem. so data insuff.

so i have a doubt that, why the answer cannot be E??

plz point out if i made any mistake..
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 22 Dec 2009, 14:09
Bunuel wrote:
4. Are x and y both positive?
(1) 2x-2y=1
(2) x/y>1

(1) 2x-2y=1. Well this one is clearly insufficient. You can do it with number plugging OR consider the following: x and y both positive means that point (x,y) is in the I quadrant. 2x-2y=1 --> y=x-1/2, we know it's an equation of a line and basically question asks whether this line (all (x,y) points of this line) is only in I quadrant. It's just not possible. Not sufficient.

(2) x/y>1 --> x and y have the same sign. But we don't know whether they are both positive or both negative. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) Again it can be done with different approaches. You should just find the one which is the less time-consuming and comfortable for you personally.

One of the approaches:
2x-2y=1 --> x=y+\frac{1}{2}
\frac{x}{y}>1 --> \frac{x-y}{y}>0 --> substitute x --> \frac{1}{y}>0 --> y is positive, and as x=y+\frac{1}{2}, x is positive too. Sufficient.

Answer: C.


1 and 2 are insuff for the above mentioned (by Bunuel) reasons,
now taking 1 and 2 together, here's another approach:
2x-2y=1
2(x-y)=1
(x-y)=1/2

y(x/y -1)=1/2
now we know that from option 2 x/y>1

so, y(x/y -1)=1/2====> y[(a value >1) - 1]=1/2
so, [y*(+ve value)]=1/2
hence y= +ve

now since y=+ve and (x/y)>1, we have x=+ve
therefore, option c.
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 22 Dec 2009, 18:50
Hi Bunuel,
Is (1/2y) > 0 or (1/y) >0. While I was solving I am getting (1/2y)>0.

Bunuel wrote:
4. Are x and y both positive?
(1) 2x-2y=1
(2) x/y>1

(1) 2x-2y=1. Well this one is clearly insufficient. You can do it with number plugging OR consider the following: x and y both positive means that point (x,y) is in the I quadrant. 2x-2y=1 --> y=x-1/2, we know it's an equation of a line and basically question asks whether this line (all (x,y) points of this line) is only in I quadrant. It's just not possible. Not sufficient.

(2) x/y>1 --> x and y have the same sign. But we don't know whether they are both positive or both negative. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) Again it can be done with different approaches. You should just find the one which is the less time-consuming and comfortable for you personally.

One of the approaches:
2x-2y=1 --> x=y+\frac{1}{2}
\frac{x}{y}>1 --> \frac{x-y}{y}>0 --> substitute x --> \frac{1}{y}>0 --> y is positive, and as x=y+\frac{1}{2}, x is positive too. Sufficient.

Answer: C.
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Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection [#permalink] New post 22 Dec 2009, 19:09
Re: Inequality and absolute value questions from my collection   [#permalink] 22 Dec 2009, 19:09
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