It takes the heat of large stars or supernovae to cause the fusion of

This question requires you to read it carefully.

ANALYZE THE STIMULUS:

Fact: The heat of large stars or supernovae ==> the fusion of magnesium with hydrogen ==> creating a chemically stable aluminum. KEY word: "STABLE aluminum". Not aluminum in general.
Fact: Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements on Earth,
Conclusion: At least at some point, the temperature inside or outside Earth was comparable to that on large stars or supernovae.

Question: Which of the following, if true, causes most damage to the conclusion of the argument above?

ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:

(A)Creation of stable aluminum requires distinct pressure conditions not typical of contemporary Earth.
Wrong. "not typical of contemporary Earth" does not mean the creating of stable aluminum did not happen in the past.

(B)Some of the aluminum found on Earth was brought here with asteroids or other cosmic bodies that were parts of large stars or supernovae.
Wrong. "Some" does not mean "all". Let say 1/2 of the aluminum was brought to the Earth by asteroid, other 1/2 of aluminum created by temperature inside or outside Earth ==> The conclusion is true.
Other reason to eliminate: B only talks about "aluminum", not "STABLE aluminum" ==> We can't say anything about the creating of stable aluminum on Earth.

(C)Most aluminum on Earth comes in oxides, and native aluminum can be found only in low oxygen environments.
Wrong. Out of scope.

(D)Aluminum found on Earth has several vacant electrons that have to be artificially removed in order for it to become chemically stable.
Correct. D shows that STABLE aluminum can be created artificially on Earth, not by temperature inside or outside Earth.

(E)Magnesium itself can only be formed under strictly defined conditions.
Wrong. E supports the conclusion a bit.

Hope it helps.

simply because the gist of the argument says this: aluminum is the result of fusion at certain point on a time line and this process is equal to that on other planets
this is false: to have aluminium we have to do something of artificial in a siderurgic plant

C says: where the aluminum WHERE is founded............is completely unrelated to weaken the conclusion

hope this shelps you

by the way: do you agree that it is a 700 level question ?? please let me know

infact it was a rethoric question to you but also to other students

and easiest question ?' what is your rate ??

[/quote]

Well on an average 4/5 mostly 5/5. But the problem lies with the 700 level questions.[/quote]


well i do not see the problem, to some extent.

I mean: people think that this is just a test about how many difficult questions i pick right ?? yeah, but this is wrong

The test is really complex. The most part of the students not even see that level because a bunch of variables come into the picture : stress, timing, even a word that is not understood and you have difficulties with that question, even if that question is not a 700 level.

The key is to pick right each low middle and middle upper level. in that way you are in an upper level stage that if you pick a 700 level question this one hurts you less than a 500 level. this is the game.

Back to your specific question I would say: read verey super carefully the question, trying to make it own as you are in that scenario and from here move further through the answer choices. Understanding the whole picture and not to use only your sets of strategy: for weaken question i have to weaken only the conclusion: this is fasle. understanding the whole scenario is the first rule to follow.

hope this helps you

the test works more or less like this:

questions one through six or so are of an increasing level

7 ---> 10 are difficult. this because the test tries to set a plateau for each student.

after this the test goes up and down from this plateau; it depends on how you respond to those questions.

around 25 or so (more or less) there is the confirmation stage: where your score is confirmed by the tes itself.

as you can see whwnever you reach THAT plateau after the 10th question if you are in an upper level zone even with question picked wrong you have that score.

coverserly: if you are not able to reach that plateau no matter what you do well AFTER, your score is already that. period.

I would be worried about more to have a strong plateau instead to pick a 700 level right and all the rest wrong; even becasue if you do not reach that upper level stage you never see a 700 level.

All that doesn't mean that 700 level question are not important, this is not true at all. only that for how the test works they are a chimera if you do not do well BEFORE.

Indeed a good question, key to solve this question is "STABLE aluminum" -D says earth does not have stable aluminium it has to modify etc............so it says stable aluminium was never exist in earth --->i.e. earth will not be having similar environment of heat of large stars or supernovae

Hope that helps

D is answer.
B is tempting but in B if some aluminum was brought by asteroids then what about the left aluminum.

(A)Creation of stable aluminum requires distinct pressure conditions not typical of contemporary Earth. - irrelevant

(B)Some of the aluminum found on Earth was brought here with asteroids or other cosmic bodies that were parts of large stars or supernovae. - some - but what about the other part? where did it come from? out.

(C)Most aluminum on Earth comes in oxides, and native aluminum can be found only in low oxygen environments.
still doesn't explain where it came from. is oxides different from native aluminium? since additional questions need to be answered, it can't be a correct answer.

(D)Aluminum found on Earth has several vacant electrons that have to be artificially removed in order for it to become chemically stable.
ok, now this is interesting. this one says that aluminium on earth has different structure than the aluminium formed in supernova. thus, the conclusion no longer stands.

(E)Magnesium itself can only be formed under strictly defined conditions. - irrelevant

i like this question.
Particular because B creates confusion.
Advised test takers can eliminate B beacuse of "Some alu was brought......" in the answer choice and "at least at some point....." in the question stem

this is a common but tricky pattern
A (heat)-> B (stable alumnium)
argument: B -> A
to weaken, B (on Earth) has nothing to with A

­How is C out of scope , Most means more than 50 percent. Can you explain the logic ? When we sat several vacant electrons . If there are 1000 electrons does several means more than 500 or less than 500 ? Please explain

Hey Folks I can see that there is some confusion in between option Choice B and D.
Just before I proceed with the solution let's create a map for the passage
Conclusion :- Temp. @earth= Temp of supernova or star.
Evidence :- To have chemically stable aluminum we need heat of a star or supernova.
Now if I have to weaken it I might have to introduce certain other way that can produce chemically stable Aluminum

Now when I see option B forget about the aluminum brought by Asteroids, the basic question is that " Was this aluminum chemically stable". And answer is No to that
Where as in option choice D we can easily see that " Chemically stable aluminum is made by some chemical process" Thus being in alignment withe the passage

Takeaways :- When mapping always have a close look at certain keywords "chemically stable aluminum"