Last visit was: 23 Apr 2024, 23:20 It is currently 23 Apr 2024, 23:20

Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
SORT BY:
Date
User avatar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 22 May 2003
Posts: 188
Own Kudos [?]: 777 [133]
Given Kudos: 0
Location: Uruguay
Send PM
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
CEO
CEO
Joined: 15 Aug 2003
Posts: 2876
Own Kudos [?]: 1649 [13]
Given Kudos: 781
Send PM
General Discussion
User avatar
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 17 Sep 2005
Posts: 300
Own Kudos [?]: 395 [4]
Given Kudos: 0
Send PM
User avatar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 27 Feb 2006
Posts: 224
Own Kudos [?]: 601 [3]
Given Kudos: 0
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
2
Kudos
1
Bookmarks
OA is ^ D ^


Here we should talk about the culture so we need "Japan's". Otherwise we would be trying to find a connection between Japan and the culture and that is not what we want ..

So we are left with D and E.

(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the

(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

In E we have the redundancy with the repetition of "of". It is not necessary.

But the main subject is that "which" in E has no clear referrant. As we use "which" with non restrictive clauses and "that" with restrcitive clauses, "that" is better for this question.
User avatar
Director
Director
Joined: 07 Nov 2007
Posts: 718
Own Kudos [?]: 3077 [4]
Given Kudos: 5
Location: New York
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
2
Kudos
2
Bookmarks
marshpa wrote:
34. Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.
(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

OA is D but my question is whats wrong with C and how D can be OA...Japan's is a culture, is this idiomatic expression? Folks please help me with this..


A,B,C
Says.. Japan is a Culture.. So.. they are gone.

between D and E.. (They may not be best but better than other 3 options)

In D, I think verb "IS" placed in the midlle of the subject "Janpan's Culture"

I can rewrite the setence like below

Japan's culture of accommodation and constraint IS a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the


E is out.."of systems of forms" --> awkward.
User avatar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 29 Mar 2008
Posts: 216
Own Kudos [?]: 332 [4]
Given Kudos: 0
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
3
Kudos
1
Bookmarks
jitendra wrote:
34. Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

Getting no clue about right one. pls help


A, B and C tells us that Japan is a culture which is incorrect. (Japan is a country).
D and E states- Japan's is a culture which means, Japan has a culture which is characterized by (accomodation and contraint- use proper form).
Between (D) and (E), (D) is parallel.
In (E), "of a system of forms, etiquette" breaks teh parallelism.
User avatar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 18 Aug 2009
Posts: 214
Own Kudos [?]: 1622 [0]
Given Kudos: 9
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
kairoshan wrote:
34. Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the


Can't resist replying to a Q on Japan :)

IMO (D)

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
<--"its" predecessor is not clear"
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its <--same as (A)
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
<--Japan is not a culture. It should be Japan's culture
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the <--a culture of <>, a system of <> parallel form
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the <--a culture of a system of forms... sounds awkward and seems like changing the meaning of original

an edit on (A) reason
User avatar
VP
VP
Joined: 29 Aug 2007
Posts: 1021
Own Kudos [?]: 1726 [0]
Given Kudos: 19
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
kairoshan wrote:
34. Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the



Realized that Japan cannot be a culture - so changed to D from A:

(A) is incorrect and wrong meaning as "Japan" cannot be '"a culture of accommodation and constraint".
(B) is incorrect and wrong meaning as "Japan" cannot be '"a culture of accommodation and constraint".
also "which" refers to "images", which is plural and the verb of plural "which" should be "make" not "makes".
(C) Too wired???????


(D) is correct as "Japan's" can be a culture of accommodation and constraint. The sentence reads as:
“Japan’s is a culture of accommodation and constraints, a system (of forms and etiquettes) that makes the everpresent congestion tolerable”.


(E) "Japan's" cannot be a culture of accommodation and constraint.
User avatar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 29 Oct 2009
Posts: 126
Own Kudos [?]: 2860 [0]
Given Kudos: 18
GMAT 1: 750 Q50 V42
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
D for me.

IMO the explanation should be as follows:

Japan's (that is japans culture) is:

1) a culture of accommodation and constraint,
2) a system of forms, etiquette and images (here we are not talking about this point as a separate entity but rather to aid in describing the above point and thereby japans culture - this would explain the use of a comma rather than 'and')

which makes (because we are referring to 'culture' which is singular) the ever-present congestion tolerable.

Hope this helps!

Let me know what you guys think.
GMAT Club Legend
GMAT Club Legend
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Status: enjoying
Posts: 5265
Own Kudos [?]: 42103 [1]
Given Kudos: 422
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
1
Kudos
Expert Reply
The first test here is whether what the relative pronoun ‘which’ or ‘that’ stands for. If it is argued that it stands for the noun ‘images’, then this structure runs into a serious problem of S-V disagreement – ‘images’ which or that ‘makes’. Otherwise, we have to labor to argue that it stands for the distant 'a system' or 'a culture'. This is untenable; so in my opinion, we have to drop B, D and E and go for A, or C which avoids the mismodification by using a present participle that modifies the entire noun phrase or phrases lying before it.

Second task is whether we can accept a country as a culture. I think it is acceptable metaphorically.

But between A and C, A has a subtle problem, Japan is a culture and a system as per the text. I think these two should have been conjugated by a conjunction ‘and’.

C - On the contrary, some feel that it is awkward to start a sentence with an absolute modifier such as in choice C. But I feel that there are so many instances where this type of form has been passed by GMAT. In an OG example given below, the answer choice is C which is using the absolute modifiers as starters of sentences.

Quote:
Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.

(A) huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport
(B) without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya
(C) the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel
(D) there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya
(E) were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters
Here Architects and Stonemsosns stand for the May, a tribe


I feel that C makes the strongest case as the answer IMO. Any takers?
GMAT Club Legend
GMAT Club Legend
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Status: enjoying
Posts: 5265
Own Kudos [?]: 42103 [4]
Given Kudos: 422
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
4
Kudos
Expert Reply
I find an important custom of English usage sadly missed by many.

What do you think of the following statements?

Franklin Rooswelt was a ‘giant’ of a President.
Mahatma Gandhi was a ‘lion’ of a statesman.
He is a ‘horse’ when he drinks
It is raining ‘cats and dogs’.

These are metaphors used to stress some point and are perfectly licit. We should not think of a country only in terms of geography or geology. A country is much more than that. So let us not mistake that this text suffers from weirdness. That said, let us delve into the choices now.


A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ------
‘IMO, A is a perfect choice with proper participial modification that modifies the entire noun idea running before it and with proper punctuation.’


(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its ----- Which makes’ flouts relative pronoun touch- rule.
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its ……. The sentence alters the meaning that only images are making its ever-present congestion tolerable.
D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images’ that makes ….. ‘That’ modifies images and flouts touch rule.

(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the
‘and images which makes the ‘Which’ is not preceded by a comma and hence the sentence is ungrammatical,
Alum
Joined: 19 Mar 2012
Posts: 4341
Own Kudos [?]: 51447 [0]
Given Kudos: 2326
Location: United States (WA)
Concentration: Leadership, General Management
Schools: Ross '20 (M)
GMAT 1: 760 Q50 V42
GMAT 2: 740 Q49 V42 (Online)
GMAT 3: 760 Q50 V42 (Online)
GPA: 3.8
WE:Marketing (Non-Profit and Government)
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Thing to not here "that" and "which" maintains the touch rule. But not 100% of the time.
I sent the letter to my dad which contained the information.
This is a completely gmat-relevant sentence.
Also see that in D "makes" makes it clear that the subject of "makes" is not images but system (similar to the above sentence in which "letter" is the subject to the verb "contained".
D is the winner
Might not be a clear winner tho.

Souvik
User avatar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 03 May 2015
Posts: 130
Own Kudos [?]: 232 [0]
Given Kudos: 23
Location: South Africa
Concentration: International Business, Organizational Behavior
GPA: 3.49
WE:Web Development (Insurance)
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
beckee529 wrote:
Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

please explain your choice. i already know the answer.. thanks :)


Since people are having doubt between D and E, let me clarify that :

Other than that/which

a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the

D)
It says
Japan's is
1) a culture of accommodation and constraint
2) a system of forms, etiquette, and images

E)

It says :

Japan's is a :
1) a culture of accommodation and constraint
2) culture of a system of forms, etiquette, and images

We want to say Japan's system is a system of forms, etiquette and images
How can a culture match up with a system?

Hence D

Other than that, which can only refer to a single noun!!!! so which noun do we match up here?
Intern
Intern
Joined: 03 Aug 2015
Posts: 40
Own Kudos [?]: 61 [0]
Given Kudos: 113
Location: India
Concentration: Entrepreneurship, Finance
GMAT 1: 630 Q47 V30
GMAT 2: 610 Q46 V28
GPA: 3.2
WE:Information Technology (Telecommunications)
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
MartinMag wrote:
Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A cuture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

Please don't be stingy with your explanations!!!


A, B, C are wrong because the sentence talks about cultures whereas the subject of the sentences is Japan.

between D and E,

E - which without comma is rarely used in GMAT
- Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the
is wierd.

D- that is preferred over which in this sentence as that is a restrictive clause.
Manager
Manager
Joined: 04 Oct 2015
Posts: 172
Own Kudos [?]: 148 [1]
Given Kudos: 242
Location: Viet Nam
Concentration: Finance, Economics
GMAT 1: 730 Q51 V36
GPA: 3.56
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
1
Kudos
Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

Japan is not a culture!!!

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its

(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its

(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its

(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
--> correct.

(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the
--> awkward.
Intern
Intern
Joined: 10 May 2018
Posts: 30
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 1
GMAT 1: 760 Q49 V42
Send PM
Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
A, B and C all call Japan a system or a culture, so they are all wrong. It must be D or E. The correct answer should be D since E repeats ‘of’ twice. This is awkward and redundant.




MartinMag wrote:
Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.


(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its

(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its

(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its

(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the

(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the
Intern
Intern
Joined: 06 Jan 2019
Posts: 1
Own Kudos [?]: 1 [1]
Given Kudos: 8
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
1
Bookmarks
Please can someone explain what does "Japan's is" mean?
This is from the answers D and E.

Thanks

Posted from my mobile device
Manager
Manager
Joined: 02 Sep 2018
Posts: 100
Own Kudos [?]: 169 [0]
Given Kudos: 76
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
I don't thing this one is GMAT standard question,it does not obey the touch rule.
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 29 Oct 2015
Posts: 469
Own Kudos [?]: 256 [0]
Given Kudos: 294
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
VeritasKarishma , GMATGuruNY , GMATNinja , generis

Can you please explain this question ?
Intern
Intern
Joined: 01 Mar 2015
Posts: 45
Own Kudos [?]: 63 [0]
Given Kudos: 108
Location: India
GPA: 4
WE:Consulting (Consulting)
Send PM
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
Can you explain the use of "Japan's"?, how "Japan's" is a culture?
GMAT Club Bot
Re: Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, [#permalink]
 1   2   
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
6917 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
238 posts

Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group | Emoji artwork provided by EmojiOne