Large banks, hedge funds and private investors hungry for new and

In C the correct answer
"pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims,
divorce battles and class actions against corporations"
is modifying how "bankrolling other people's lawsuits" which is not happening in B.

IMO C.
Let me know!!
I am guessing money is being pumped into (pumping for is weird) 3 things
malpracitce claims, divorce battles and class actions.
"and" also signifies items in a list construction.
Keep posted!
Souvik

You are spot on Souvik, as always. OA is C
I need help to break it down further. Does "pumping" plays the role of a verb+ing modifier here? What is wrong with B?

1. Yes in the OA, pumping plays the role of an ING modifier!
The key point to note here is that ING modifiers, when used after a comma, MUST have a close/causal relationship with the preceding clause.
Here this sentence means that large evil corporations are bankrolling other people's lawsuits by pumping blah blah into blah blah!!

2. If B were a sentence with good parallelism it would say:
Large evil corporations:
will bankroll blah blah
will pump blah blah
will divorce blah blah
and will class actions!
The last one is ridiculous. Also the whole formation changes the meaning if you see the broader picture!

Thanks Souvik. I got the point and agree that C is the best answer here.
Just one more doubt related to what you have posted
The list is
medical malpractice claims
divorce battles and
class actions against corporations
Why do we need to make these phrases parallel to the verbs “will bankroll” and “(will) pump”

how are we making them parallel to "will"
will does not appear in the OA
I was just explaining to you a hypothetical situation
I will go and eat ice cream.
Perfectly parallel!
I will go and I will eat ice crea.
This is parallel too! We dont need to repeat "will"! Is this what you asked?

No I did not want to ask this. I agree to what you just posted above. In the original question, there asre two lists which we have to make parallel.
First (verbs)
bankrolling and pumping
Second (Phrases)
medical malpractice claims
divorce battles and
class actions against corporations
What I am asking is can we make the verbs parallel to phrases as you did in your post?
Please correct me if I am wrong.

First, pumping is not used as a verb. its a ING modifier.
Second, the phrases as you mentioned need to be parallel with themselves (noun+nouns/gerunds)
Lastly,

I posted this to explain why this answer choice is awful/not parallel.
I thinkI have used confusing words!!

Souvik

Yes, i.e. why I asked you about the "pumping" being a modifier in the first place.

Now if we look at option B
B. will bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations
pump is a verb...right?
bankroll and pump are parallel verbs. The second list, as you also stated, are parallel among themselves.

What is wrong with this option? This is my question.
Sorry to bug you so long.

Hey!
Look at this sentence
I will score straight A's, studying day in and out in every subjects and performing extracurricular activities.

This means I will score awesome BECAUSE I will study a lot.

The ING modifier establishes such a relation.

I will score straight A's, study day in and out in every subjects and and perform extra curricular activities.

This sentence is parallel but distorted in meaning. It means the scoring and studying are independent which is definitely not what I want to convey!

This is the MAJOR problem with B and is often tested on the GMAT.

However, there is one other problem
Look at B. It says:
Large evil corporations will bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

So the core it
Corps will BANKROLL and PUMP.
this pumping action is into medical claims, divorce blah blah.
Then as i mentioned in bold red that it needs a "AND" to connect the two options.
Simpler analogy.
I work, play :- AWFUL sentence.
I work and play :- GOOD enough!!

Is this clear now?
I was driving so couldn't answer!
Let me know!
Souvik

I just only analyze choice C as my correct one:

C. are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

The boldface part modifies the clause part before it as the adjective clause pumping something into A (medical malpractice claims), B ( divorce battles), and C (class actions against corporations)

A. are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars for medical malpractice claims, divorcing battles and class actions against corporations => NOT PARALLEL
B. will bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations=> NOT PARALLEL
D. to bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, for divorce battles and class actions against corporations
E. are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, for pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, for divorce battles and (lacking for) class actions against corporations

Hi

Can anyone please explain why the answer is C.

"are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations"

In C aren't we ignoring the parallelism ? pumping hundreds... divorce battles and class actions ...

Thanks

Hi ansh1980

This question is NOT about parallelism problem, but rather about Modifier problem.

Large banks, hedge funds and private investors hungry for new and lucrative opportunities are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars for medical malpractice claims, divorcing battles and class actions against corporations

C) are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

The blue part is a main clause ==> X, Y and Z are bankrolling other people's lawsuits

The part beginning with "pumping....." is modifier <== Verb-ing mdofier + comma ==> modifies a preceding clause. This modifier provides the results of the action "bankrolling". The result is pumping hundreds of millions of dollars for A, B, and C.
A: medical malpractice claims
B: divorcing battles (divorcing is gerund form --> acts as a noun)
C: class actions against corporation.

Hope it helps.

Hi Ansh,

Let help you here though it has been already described above.

Meaning analysis:
Here large banks, hedge funds and private investors essentially are bankrolling(whatever that means) other people's lawsuits. This in turn is pumping hundreds of millions of $$'s into
-malpractice claims
-divorcing battles (a gerund which is also a noun)
-class actions against corporations.
(these options are parallel since they convey the same idea which is logically related and hence parallel; always remember, look for logical parallelism 1st-as in this case- before going to the structural //lism. GMAT often stumps with these scenarios.)

Option C is actually stating the same meaning and structure.

This meaning did not stand out clear to me by just analyzing the original sentence but going through the answer choices this stood out and made more sense.

Most of the times in GMAT the original sentence's meaning will be undoubtedly clear and will come out in open if analyzed correctly.

Hope it helps.

V

I don't see why it is not a choice between the future tense (B) and the present continuous (C)

81. Large banks, hedge funds and private investors hungry for new and lucrative opportunities are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars for medical malpractice claims, divorcing battles and class actions against corporations
B. will bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations
C. are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

I read B to mean that "divorce battles" and "class actions against corporations" were nouns as part of the "pump hundreds of millions..." list after "medical malpractice claims".
will bankroll
will pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles, and class actions against corporations

C seems to do the same thing except it uses the present continuous for the verbs.
Please tell me where I made a mistake in my reasoning.

Let's substitute option B in the given sentence and then break the construction

81. Large banks, hedge funds and private investors hungry for new and lucrative opportunities will bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

Green - The list contains nouns
Pink - The list contains verb phrases
Blue - Prepositional phrases (which can be ignored, as these are fillers)

Issue : Splitting the parallels ...
Banks, funds and investors will bankroll other people's lawsuits (looks fine.)
Banks, funds and investors pump hundreds of millions of dollars into malpractice claims (looks fine.)
Banks, funds and investors divorce battles (Can Jane divorce Jack? Yes. Can Jane divorce battles? Absolutely not. Now, you see the issue here.)
Banks, funds and investors class actions against corporations (Jane's conduct classed her as a criminal ==> We are classifying Jane based on her conduct. So, even if class is viewed as a verb, what does 'class actions against corporations; mean?)

So, B is wrong.

Now read C. The meaning is clear which states that
Banks, funds and investors are bankrolling something, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

Verb-ing modifier is properly modifying the preceding clause. The noun phrases are parallel and the meaning is correct.

Hope this helps...

"are bankrolling"; "pumping" clause acts as an adverbial modifier; Parallelism : into 1. medical malpractice claims, 2. divorce battles and 3. class actions against corporations.

Answer: C