Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both publi

Hey ajit,

Great question - and I think that this one is a prime candidate for what I call the Slash-and-Burn technique for streamlining sentences. The sentence begins with two modifiers before the underlined:

"in the Canadian province of Ontario" and "of both public and private employers" both describe the words before them ("legislation", the subject; and "requires", the verb). If you remove them to read the sentence in a simpler form, you have:

Legislation requires that... (A and B)

or

Legislation requires to pay... (C, D, E)

A and B have it - "legislation requires that" is correct, whereas "legislation requires to pay" doesn't have a proper subject for "to pay".


Between those two, we know that we have a comparison being drawn, so the most likely decision point is going to be a proper, parallel comparison.

A compares "the same for jobs held by women" and "as for jobs requiring..."

It correctly compares "jobs" to "jobs" and has the appropriate paralllel form of "for" in front of both.

B compares "jobs" to "a job", which isn't perfectly parallel. And it also adds the unnecessary word "should" in there ("require" means "must", so "should" just confuses the meaning). Therefore B is wrong and A is the correct answer.


I hope that helps...

Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-

Concepts tested here: Subjunctive Mood + Parallelism

• The use of the verb “requires” indicates that the subjunctive mood is preferable in this context, and “bossy verb (“requires”) + that + something be done” is a correct, subjunctive usage.
• Any elements joined by a conjunction (“or” in this sentence) must be parallel.

A: Correct. This answer choice maintains the correct subjunctive mood construction “bossy verb (“requires”) + that + something be done (“pay be the same”)”. Further, Option A maintains parallelism between “for jobs historically held by women” and “for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men”.

B: This answer choice fails to maintain a correct subjunctive mood structure, as it uses the construction “pay…should be the same” rather than the appropriate construction “something be done (“pay…be the same”)”; please note that the use of the verb “requires” indicates that the subjunctive mood is preferable in this context, and “bossy verb (“requires”) + that + something be done” is a correct, subjunctive usage.

C: Trap. This answer choice fails to maintain a correct subjunctive mood structure, as it omits the word “that” and uses the construction “to pay the same” rather than the appropriate construction “something be done (“pay be the same”)”; please note that the use of the verb “requires” indicates that the subjunctive mood is preferable in this context, and “bossy verb (“requires”) + that + something be done” is a correct, subjunctive usage.

D: This answer choice fails to maintain a correct subjunctive mood structure, as it omits the word “that” and uses the construction “to pay the same” rather than the appropriate construction “something be done (“pay be the same”)”; please note that the use of the verb “requires” indicates that the subjunctive mood is preferable in this context, and “bossy verb (“requires”) + that + something be done” is a correct, subjunctive usage. Further, Option D fails to maintain parallelism between “a job was historically held by women” and “is one demanding comparable skills usually held by men”; please remember, any elements joined by a conjunction (“or” in this sentence) must be parallel.

E: Trap. This answer choice fails to maintain a correct subjunctive mood structure, as it omits the word “that” and uses the construction “to pay as much” rather than the appropriate construction “something be done (“pay be the same”)”; please note that the use of the verb “requires” indicates that the subjunctive mood is preferable in this context, and “bossy verb (“requires”) + that + something be done” is a correct, subjunctive usage. Further, Option E fails to maintain parallelism between “jobs historically held by women” and “a job demanding comparable skills usually held by men”; please remember, any elements joined by a conjunction (“or” in this sentence) must be parallel.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

All the best!
Experts' Global Team

Here is my analysis of this question:

This is what the sentence says:
Legislation requires equal pay for jobs historically held by women and jobs requiring comparable skills held by men. Both public and private employers need to ensure this.

In the non-underlined part, we have: Legislation requires of both public and private employers …
Since the sentence uses the verb ‘requires,’ we need to use 'that subjunctive.' Only options (A) and (B) use 'that subjunctive.'

(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are
(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding comparable skills
(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills

Then, is the infinitive form ‘to pay’ in other options incorrect? I wouldn’t be too sure because we do write the transitive verb ‘require’ with an object.

For example, something like this may make sense:
Legislation requires both employers to pay the same…

This is ‘A requires B to do C’ structure which we do often use. But note that the non-underlined part uses ‘of’ before employers: Legislation requires of both employers to pay …
This is ‘A requires of B to do C’ structure which is incorrect. The object of ‘requires’ is missing.
So, options (C), (D) and (E) are incorrect.

‘A requires B to do C’ would be acceptable in which B is the object of ‘requires.’
‘A requires C of B’ would be correct too in which C would be the object of ‘requires.’

(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable skills

Options (A) and (B) of our original sentence say: ‘A requires of B C’ which is also correct since C (‘that pay …’ clause) is the object of ‘requires.’ Our sentence placed ‘of B’ before C because C is long and complex.

Option (A) uses the subjunctive form ‘be’ which is correct. Option (B) uses ‘should’ along with ‘be’ which is not correct.

‘A requires that pay be the same’ is correct. When we add ‘should’ here, it becomes ‘A requires that pay should be the same.’ Note that this becomes redundant. We use either ‘requires’ or ‘should,’ but not both.
For example, ‘A says that pay should be the same’ would be acceptable.

Another point to note:
‘… pay be the same for jobs held by women as for jobs held by men…’ works better in terms of parallelism. Options (B) and (E) use plural ‘jobs’ for women but singular ‘a job’ for men which is incorrect. Just like there are multiple jobs which are historically held by women, there are multiple jobs which are historically held by men. So, the comparison should be ‘jobs’ vs ‘jobs’ or ‘a job’ vs ‘a job.’

Another interesting point here in the correct option (A) is that the relative clause ‘that are usually held by men’ does not touch what it modifies – ‘jobs.’ A present participle modifier ‘requiring comparable skill’ is placed right after ‘jobs’ and the relative clause modifier appears after that. Hence, we say that other than some basic non-negotiable rules of grammar, there are no rules!

Answer (A)

Here is an excellent thread on subjunctive constructs.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/subjunctive-a ... 79606.html

It is not essential that "that" appear in subjunctive.

３． Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.

(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable skills
(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are
(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding comparable skills
(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills

B - require ... that ... should - incorrect
C - pay in - not a correct idiom, should be pay for
D - awkward structure - a job was ... or is one (job) ...
E - jobs vs job

Shouldn't it be:
legislation ...requires ... employers .. TO PAY as much for jobs.

As opposed to:

Legislation ...requires ...employers .. THAT PAY be the same for jobs.

When do we use an infinitive, and when do we use a subordinate?

Posted from my mobile device

Tommy, according to MGMAT SC. I thought "require" is one of those verbs that can take EITHER command subjunctive or the Infinitive.

We require that he be here
We require him to be here

I believe both are correct?

Hey Lonewolf,

This is a tough one. You're absolutely right that the MGMAT SC Guide states as a correct sentence: "She requires that her friend do work." I feel certain that this construction is not used anymore, though it still may be considered grammatically correct. I'll have to ask around. However, I did say in my explanation that "require" can be used both ways. I merely specified that we don't use the subjunctive format transitively anymore (transitively = with a direct object).

"We require that he be here" is not correct in my opinion, because you can't put an active subject in front of the the verb when used in the subjunctive. "It is required that he be here" is correct, but I don't believe I can "require that you be somewhere".

"We require him to be here" is entirely correct as is.

I will check on this difference, because I wouldn't want to steer you wrong.

-tommy

Hey Lonewolf,

So I've done my research, and yes, that version IS considered okay: "I require that you be here". Darnit! : )

It doesn't change the answer, however, or my explanation. Can I help further?

-tommy

IMO, this text is a test of parallelism and idiom. Only A maintains both by using the comparative phrase ‘for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring’. A is the right answer

No other choice flaunts an equitable comparison, B and E compare ‘jobs’ with ‘a job’

C uses an odd and unidiomatic ‘to pay the same in the jobs ‘
D compares ‘past tense’ with ‘present tense’

Good question, Rajen - if we take out the modifying phrases and whittle down to just "legislation requires to pay", there isn't any indication of WHOM is required to pay. The legislation surely isn't paying. For demands like "require", there needs to be an object of that verb that then does something else. You could say:

The law requires employers to pay

or

The law requires that employers pay

but in either case you need to have "employers" (or another appropriate noun) clearly set up as the object of the requirement and the subject of the verb "pay".

The modifying phrase "of both public and private employers" puts "employers" as a description but not as a subject/object. Because of that preposition "of", we can ignore that phrase to closer link the subject, verb, and object - and in doing so we realize that without a clear noun for the verb "to pay", the sentence is incomplete.

Without the phrase "of", "to pay" could work: Legislation requires both public and private employers to pay...

But the word "of" makes that noun "employers" part of a modifier and not a standalone object-of-"require" / subject-of-"to pay", and so therefore C/D/E are all incorrect.

IMO, while both the subjunctive mood and infinitive form are usable depending upon the construction, the sentence sould also hold good other secondary parameters.

In the given case, choices containing the infinitive form of ‘to pay’ are not sustainable for reasons of wrong idiom, or modification or llism
C suffers from a host of such problems Employers pay for the jibs and not in the jobs. Additionally what does the relative pronoun 'that' stands for? Skill or jobs? If it is the singular skill, there is a serous SV mismatch because the subordinate verb ‘require’ is plural; if it is jobs, then can it bye-pass the noun just in front and flirt with a distant one? We a re getting stuck with the same old modification debate.

D suffers wrong llism of co- relative conjunction 'whether ….or'. After whether there is a noun (job) while after or there is a verb (is)

E. comparing jobs with a job is improper.

So you may see why C doesn’t make the grade.
If we narrow down to the subjunctive form, then B is instantly out, as we have to use the imperative form of the verb - ‘be’- and not 'should be’

A is the eventual winner.

Even if you are not familiar with idioms involving "require"---you could still arrive at the correct answer by looking at what else is being tested.

Here's how you might go through it:

(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
Keyword is "as"--indicating comparison on the left and right. "Jobs" is compatible with "jobs"--so that's ok.

(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job
requiring comparable skills
X&Y Consistency: "jobs" is not compatible with "job" ---comparison is not consistent.

(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill
that are
You don't say "to pay the same IN jobs"--you say "to pay the same FOR jobs"

(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one
demanding comparable skills
Sounds unnecessarily complicated.

(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills
X&Y Consistency: "jobs" is not compatible with "job"--comparison is not consistent.

So even if you don't know anything about "requires that" versus "requires [x] to" or "requires of [x] that"--you can still answer the question correctly and arrive at (A).

Since this is from a source other than GMAT, I make bold to ask question. Is it comparable skills or skill as given in the passage? If it is skill, one may perhaps notice that skill that are held is very wrong. Therefore, we have to fetch a plural noun for the restrictive pronoun that, by going out of the way to match it with its logical noun jobs, which lies distant. One has the onus to justify that requiring comparable skill is an essential modifier of the noun jobs and hence we can ignore the restrictivity of the pronoun that. Same story with Choice C also, another serious contender.

It is not even required to consider whether it is requires of or simply requires, since it is in the non-underlined part. The need for subjunctive mood arises because it is a legation and therefore statutory. Therefore, we must follow it up with the rest of the requirements of the subjunctive mood such as using that in the sub-clause and the basic form be

A is better than B in a few ways:

The simplest is parallelism. B compares "jobs" to "a job," while A compares "jobs" to "jobs."

Second, B uses "should" with "requires." You don't require that someone *should* do something. You just require that they do it.

Third, the ending of B is ambiguous. With "usually held by men" attached directly to "skills," it looks like the skills, rather than the jobs, might be held by men.

Hello rishabchoraria

I can't find rule but I see some pattern:

If we have subject pronoun (I, you, he, she...) we should use "require that":

We require THAT HE BE here.
She required that everyone attend
The law now requires that parents serve on the committees that plan and evaluate school programs...

And if we have object pronoun (him, them) we should used "required to":

We require HIM TO BE here
The rules also require employers to provide safety training...
All candidates will be required to take a short test.


So it looks like in variant A we have word pay as a noun

Legislation requires employers that pay be --> This is first type of construction and pay is subject pronun so require that is correct

And in variant C we have word pay as a verb
Legislation requires employers to pay the same --> This is second type of construction and employers is object pronoun so require to is correct

If these pattern is correct then require that/require to in this question is a false split and only difference is "pay the same in jobs"
I again can't find the rule but think that pay in jobs is incorrect idiom.

Requires is a subjunctive word and for Subjunctive mood the structure of the Sentence is



So , that is needed for this sentence ( Options C , D and E can be rejected )

Between A & B ; A uses the correct Subjunctive structure of subject + verb + that + subject + verb in simple form. . ., so (A) is the correct Answer !!