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Medical Researcher: As expected, records covering the last

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Medical Researcher: As expected, records covering the last [#permalink] New post 24 Sep 2012, 01:54
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Medical Researcher: As expected, records covering the last four years of ten major hospitals indicate that babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely. These records also indicate that Mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight than were Mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care. Adequate prenatal care,therefore,significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.

Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the medical researcher’s argument?

A)The hospital records indicate that many babies that are born with normal birth weights are born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal care.
B)Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely classified by hospitals as having received inadequate prenatal care when the record of that care is not available.
C)The hospital records indicate that low birth weight babies were routinely classified as having been born prematurely.
D)Some babies not born prematurely,whose mothers received adequate prenatal care, have low birth weights.
E)Women who receive adequate prenatal care are less likely to give birth prematurely than are women who do not receive adequate prenatal care.
[Reveal] Spoiler: OA

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Last edited by getgyan on 24 Sep 2012, 21:35, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Medical Researcher: As expected, records [#permalink] New post 24 Sep 2012, 03:58
This is little confusing. But I will go with C
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Re: Medical Researcher: As expected, records [#permalink] New post 24 Sep 2012, 07:54
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P1: premature babies have low birth weights
P2: Adequite prenatal care decreases the probability of low birth weight
Therefore both having a baby prematurely and having inadequite prenatal care increases the probability of a low birth weight.

C: Same as P2, really.

So to weaken the argument we’re looking for something which weakens the link between prenatal care and low birth weight.

POE-
A – the use of ‘many’ invalidates this answer because many isn’t defined. Many could be 5 births, but 5 births out of 1,000,000 isn’t going to stop a trend.
B – I picked this answer because it says that some babies (who have low birth weight) are born prematurely and are erroneously labelled as having had inadequate prenatal care.
C – This is simlar to B but only weakens the link between low birth weight and premature birth. This link isn’t necessary for the argument.
D – The use of ‘some’ invalidates this answer for similar reasons to A).
E – This strengthens the argument.

Whats the OA?
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Re: Medical Researcher: As expected, records [#permalink] New post 24 Sep 2012, 09:18
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I would also go with B, and my reasons are also in line with what Skientist has written above, the only difference I neglected C was because it in no ways connects - "Adequate Prenatal care with low birth weight" as it is done in final conclusion.

Although I took long time to solve this question, a little over 3 minutes. seems to be a 700+

whats the source, if you know?
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Re: Medical Researcher: As expected, records [#permalink] New post 24 Sep 2012, 10:33
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Babies from prematurely born were more likely to have low birh weights and to suffer from health problems than were those not born prematurely.
Mothers who received inadequate prenatal care are more likely to have low birth weight babies than mothers who received adequate prenatal care
=> Conclusion:
Adequate prenatal care,therefore,significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.

Choice B is exactly what the argument be attacked: B)Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely classified by hospitals as having received inadequate prenatal care when the record of that care is not available.

Even if the mothers who received adequate care give birth prematurely, she is still classified into inadequate care, the conclusion will be broken.
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Re: Medical Researcher: As expected, records [#permalink] New post 24 Sep 2012, 21:30
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+1 B

Premise 1 - Medical Researcher: As expected, records covering the last four years of ten major hospitals indicate that babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely.
Premise 2 - These records also indicate that Mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight than were Mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care.

Conclusion - Adequate prenatal care, therefore, significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies

Low birth weight has been shown as a function of two variables i.e. premature delivery and inadequate pre-natal care.

A)The hospital records indicate that many babies that are born with normal birth weights are born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal care. (“Many” creates ambiguity, eliminate)
B)Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely classified by hospitals as having received inadequate prenatal care when the record of that care is not available. (This is our answer as it shows that the recoed may not be reliable, thus weakening the conclusion)
C)The hospital records indicate that low birth weight babies were routinely classified as having been born prematurely. (It is not linked to prenatal care, thus does not weaken the conclusion)
D)Some babies not born prematurely, whose mothers received adequate prenatal care, have low birth weights. (“Some” creates ambiguity, eliminate)
E)Women who receive adequate prenatal care are less likely to give birth prematurely than are women who do not receive adequate prenatal care. (This strengthen the conclusion. It proves that inadequate prenatal care leads to premature birth which in turn leads to low birth weights)

:-D
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Re: Medical Researcher: As expected, records   [#permalink] 24 Sep 2012, 21:30
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