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# New Set: Number Properties!!!

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Math Expert
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25 Mar 2013, 04:50
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The next set of medium/hard DS number properties questions. I'll post OA's with detailed explanations on Friday. Please, post your solutions along with the answers.

1. If x is an integer, what is the value of x?

(1) |23x| is a prime number
(2) $$2\sqrt{x^2}$$ is a prime number.

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-40.html#p1205341

2. If a positive integer n has exactly two positive factors what is the value of n?

(1) n/2 is one of the factors of n
(2) The lowest common multiple of n and n + 10 is an even number.

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-40.html#p1205355

3. If 0 < x < y and x and y are consecutive perfect squares, what is the remainder when y is divided by x?

(1) Both x and y is have 3 positive factors.
(2) Both $$\sqrt{x}$$ and $$\sqrt{y}$$ are prime numbers

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205358

4. Each digit of the three-digit integer K is a positive multiple of 4, what is the value of K?

(1) The units digit of K is the least common multiple of the tens and hundreds digit of K
(2) K is NOT a multiple of 3.

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205361

5. If a, b, and c are integers and a < b < c, are a, b, and c consecutive integers?

(1) The median of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number.
(2) c! is a prime number

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205364

6. Set S consists of more than two integers. Are all the numbers in set S negative?

(1) The product of any three integers in the list is negative
(2) The product of the smallest and largest integers in the list is a prime number.

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205373

7. Is x the square of an integer?

(1) When x is divided by 12 the remainder is 6
(2) When x is divided by 14 the remainder is 2

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205378

8. Set A consist of 10 terms, each of which is a reciprocal of a prime number, is the median of the set less than 1/5?

(1) Reciprocal of the median is a prime number
(2) The product of any two terms of the set is a terminating decimal

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205382

9. If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x for any number x, is [a] + [b] = 1 ?

(1) ab = 2
(2) 0 < a < b < 2

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205389

10. If N = 3^x*5^y, where x and y are positive integers, and N has 12 positive factors, what is the value of N?

(1) 9 is NOT a factor of N
(2) 125 is a factor of N

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205392

BONUS QUESTION:
11. If x and y are positive integers, is x a prime number?

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y
(2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|

Solution: new-set-number-properties-149775-60.html#p1205398

Kudos points for each correct solution!!!
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 04:50
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Please suggest on what category would you like the next set to be. Thank you!
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:01
1
KUDOS
word problems

Thanks for the set
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:03
1
KUDOS
If x is an integer, what is the value of x?

(1) |23x| is a prime number
Since 23 si prime,$$x$$can be $$+1$$ or $$-1$$
not sufficient

(2) 2\sqrt{x^2} is a prime number.
once again $$x$$ can be $$+1$$ or $$-1$$
not sufficient

And since 1)+2) provides no new info IMO E
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:10
1
KUDOS
2. If a positive integer n has exactly two positive factors what is the value of n?

Number of factors of a number is $$a+1$$ where the number is $$n^a$$
And since n has 2 factors$$n$$ must be prime and$$>1$$

(1) n/2 is one of the factors of n
Only $$2$$ fits these conditions, so $$n=2$$
Sufficient

(2) The lowest common multiple of n and n + 10 is an even number.
Only $$2$$ fits these conditions, so $$n=2$$ once again. $$n$$ IMO is prime so the only prime that respect statement (2) is 2 because all other prime are odd, and odd+even = odd, so the LCM of an odd and an odd is odd in all cases except n=2

IMO D
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:24
1
KUDOS
6. Set S consists of more than two integers. Are all the numbers in set S negative?

(1) The product of any three integers in the list is negative
Not sufficient
Example: $$S = {-1,3,5}$$
the product is always <0 but 2 numbers are positive
Example: $$S = {-1,-3,-5}$$
the product is always <0 and all numbers are negative

(2) The product of the smallest and largest integers in the list is a prime number.
Not sufficient
Example: $$S = {1,3,5}$$
$$1*5=5$$ prime but all positive
Example: S = $${-1,-3,-5}$$
$$-1*-5=5$$ prime but all negative

(1)+(2) Sufficient IMO C
Using statement 2 we know that all are positive or all are negative, using statement 1 we know that "at least" 1 is negative=> so all are negative
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:30
7. Is x the square of an integer?

(1) When x is divided by 12 the remainder is 6
(2) When x is divided by 14 the remainder is 2

$$x=12q+6$$
$$x=14z+2$$

$$12q+6=14z+2$$
$$6-2=14z-12q$$
$$4=2(7z-6q)$$
$$2=7z-6q$$

$$z=2,q=2$$

$$x=12*2+6=30$$
$$x=14*2+2=30$$

so x is not the square of an integer.IMO C
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:40
9. If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x for any number x, is [a] + [b] = 1 ?

(1) ab = 2
(2) 0 < a < b < 2

The question can be seen as (given statement 2):
$$[a] + [b] = 1$$
case 1:$$0<(=)a<1$$ => $$[a]=0$$ and $$1(=)<b<2$$ => $$[b]=1$$ so $$[a] + [b] = 1$$
or the opposite
case 2: $$0<(=)b<1$$ => $$[b]=0$$ and $$1(=)<a<2$$ => $$[a]=1$$ so $$[a] + [b] = 1$$

But as ab=2 we know that one term is $$\frac{1}{2}$$ and the other is $$2$$
So we are in one of the two senarios above, IMO C
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 07:49
1
KUDOS
10. If N = 3^x*5^y, where x and y are positive integers, and N has 12 positive factors, what is the value of N?

Number of factors of $$N = (x+1)(y+1) = 12$$
the combinations are
$$3*4$$ with $$x= 2$$ and $$y=3$$
$$6*2$$ with $$x=5$$ and$$y = 1$$
and the "other way round" of each one

(1) 9 is NOT a factor of N
So x must be 1, $$x=1$$
because $$(1+1)(y+1)=12$$
$$y=5$$
Sufficient

(2) 125 is a factor of N
So $$y>=3$$, y can be 3 or 5, NOT sufficient
$$y=3, (3+1)(x+1)=12, x=2$$
$$y=5, (5+1)(x+1)=12, x=1$$

IMO A
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Last edited by Zarrolou on 25 Mar 2013, 08:57, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 08:10
11. If x and y are positive integers, is x a prime number?

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y
(2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|

This is a GOOD one. IMO C

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y

$$x-2>0, x>2$$
case 1)$$x>2$$
$$x-2<2-y$$
$$x+y<4$$

case 2)$$0<x<=2$$ ( x is positive )
$$-x+2<2-y$$
$$x>y$$

NOT SUFFICIENT

(2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|

case 1)$$y>1$$
$$x+y-3=1-y$$
$$x+2y=4$$

case 2)$$0<y<=1$$ ( y is positive)
$$x+y-3=-1+y$$
$$x=2$$

NOT SUFFICIENT

Combining 1 and 2 we obtain that

------0------------1----------2----------------
------|~~~~~~x>y~~~~~~~|~~~x+y<4 for the first one
------|~~x=2~~~|~~~~~~x+2y=4~~~~for the second one

And combining all the cases together we obtain
1)$$0<x<=2$$ with $$0<y<=1$$
$$x=2$$ and $$x>y$$ so $$x=2$$ and $$y=1$$
2)$$0<x<=2$$ with $$y>1$$
$$x>y$$ and $$x+2y=4$$, given that x and y are positive $$x=2, y=1$$
3)$$x>2$$ with $$0<y<=1$$
$$x+y<4$$ and $$x=2$$ so $$x=2,y=1$$
4)x>2 with y>1
$$x+y<4$$ and $$x+2y=4$$, $$x=2,y=1$$
In each case $$x=2$$ so x is prime
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 08:23
1
KUDOS
5. If a, b, and c are integers and a < b < c, are a, b, and c consecutive integers?

(1) The median of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number.
the median of three elements is the one in the middle, so b! is odd
there are only 2 cases in which n! is odd and are if n=1 or if n=0
so b is 0 , 1
Not Sufficient

(2) c! is a prime number
c can once again be 0,1 or in this case 2.
Not sufficient

-This is a weak passage, I don't know if I'm right-

n! is possible only for positive number so given that
a < b < c
c must be 2, b must be 1, and (because of my weak hypothesis a>=0) a must be 0

IMO C
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 08:34
1
KUDOS
8. Set A consist of 10 terms, each of which is a reciprocal of a prime number, is the median of the set less than 1/5?

(1) Reciprocal of the median is a prime number
Not sufficient

(2) The product of any two terms of the set is a terminating decimal
Because $$\frac{1}{prime}$$ is not a terminating decimal, with the only exception of 1/4, 1/1, 1/5 and 1/2
any set made by these three CANNOT have a median < 1/5, it can be = 1/5 but NEVER <
Some examples:
A={1,1,1,1,1/5,1/5,1/5,1/5,1/5,1/5} the median is 1/5 = 1/5
A={1,1,1,1,1/2,1/2,1/2,1/2,1/2,1/2} the median is 1/2 > 1/5
SUFFICIENT

IMO B
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 09:35
2
KUDOS
11. If x and y are positive integers, is x a prime number?

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y
(2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|

We know that x >0 and y>0 and they are integers.

From F.S 1, we have 2-y>=0 or y<=2. Thus y can only be 2 or 1. Now if y=2, we would have 0>some thing positive or 0>0(when x also equal to 2). Either case is not possible. Thus, y can only be 1. For y=1, we can only have x = 2. Which is prime. Sufficient.

From F.S 2, we have either y>1 or y<1. Now as y is a positive integer, y can't be less than 1.For y=1, we anyways have x=2(prime).In the first case, we have y>1--> x+y-3 = y-1 or x=2(prime). Thus, Sufficient.

D.
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 09:49
1-B
2-A
3-E
4-E
5-B
6-C
7-A
8-D
9-B
10-A
11-D
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 10:06
2
KUDOS
7.Is x the square of an integer?

(1) When x is divided by 12 the remainder is 6
(2) When x is divided by 14 the remainder is 2

From F.S 1, we have x = 12q+6 --> 6(2q+1). For x to be a square of an integer, we should have 2q+1 of the form 6^pk^2, where both q,p and k are integers and p is odd. Now we know that 2q+1 is an odd number and 6^pk^2 is even. Thus they can never be equal and hence x can never be the square of an integer. Sufficient.

From F.S 2, we have x = 14q+2 --> 2(7q+1).Just as above, we should have 7q+1 = 2^pk^2. Now for q=1, k=2 and p=1, we have 8=8, thus x is the square of an integer. But for q=0, x is not. Insufficient.

Basically for the second fact statement, we can plug in easily. No need for the elaborate theory.

A.
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 11:02
2
KUDOS
5. If a, b, and c are integers and a < b < c, are a, b, and c consecutive integers?

(1) The median of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number
(2) c! is a prime number

From F.S 1, we have b! = odd, thus b can be 0 or 1.But, as factorial notation is only for positive integers, thus, if b=0, then a would become negative and thus b is only equal to 1.Now, a can only be 0 as we are given that a! exists. But nothing has been mentioned about c. All we know is that c>1 and an integer. Insufficient.

From F.S 2, we have c! is a prime number. Again, c has to be positive and c can only be 2.However, a and b can take any values, even negative. Insufficient.

Taking both together, we have a=0, b=1 and c=2. Sufficient.

C.
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 17:58
1
KUDOS
1. If x is an integer, what is the value of x?

(1) |23x| is a prime number
(2)$$2 \sqrt{x^2}$$ is a prime number.

(1) |23x| is a prime number

For $$x=1$$ $$|23x| = |23*1|$$ --> 23 is prime

For $$x=-1$$ $$|23x| = |23*(-1)|]$$ --> $$|-23| = 23$$ 23 is prime also

Thus, this holds true for two values of x and because of that, the value of x cannot be determined.

(1) INSUFFICIENT

(2)$$2 \sqrt{x^2}$$ is a prime number.
x=-1 --> $$2 \sqrt{x^2}$$ =2 prime
x=1 --> $$2 \sqrt{x^2}$$ =2 prime

Thus, x can take the value of either 1 or -1
(2) INSUFFICIENT

|23x| is a prime number AND $$2 \sqrt{x^2}$$ is a prime number.
For $$x=1$$ 23 is prime and 2 is prime
For $$x=-1$$ 23 is prime and 2 is prime
(1) +(2) INSUFFICIENT

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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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25 Mar 2013, 18:13
1
KUDOS
2. If a positive integer n has exactly two positive factors what is the value of n?

(1) n/2 is one of the factors of n
(2) The lowest common multiple of n and n + 10 is an even number.

n is a positive integer that has exactly two positive factors --> 1 must be one of its factor --> n is a prime number and not equal to 1 (because 1 has only one positive factors, itself)

So these two factors could be (1,2) or (1,3) or (1,5) ... and n could be 2,3,5 .......

(1) n/2 is one of the factors of n

n/2 is a factor of n --> n/2 is an integer and from the pairs (1,2), (1,3) ... only 2 is divisible by 2
Hence , n = 2 --> (1) SUFFICIENT

(2) The lowest common multiple of n and n + 10 is an even number.

LCM (n,n+10) = EVEN

If n = 2 then LCM(2,12) = 12, which is EVEN
If n = 3 then LCM (3,13) = 39, which is ODD
Except for n=2, Like n=3, n = 5,7,11 .... LCM (n,n+10) will be ALWAYS ODD.
Hence, n = 2 --> (2) SUFFICIENT

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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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26 Mar 2013, 03:57
2
KUDOS
3. If 0 < x < y and x and y are consecutive perfect squares, what is the remainder when y is divided by x?

(1) Both x and y is have 3 positive factors.
(2) Both $$\sqrt{x}$$ and $$\sqrt{y}$$ are prime numbers

(1) Both x and y is have 3 positive factors.

Consecutive perfect squares could be : 4 , 9 , 16 , 25 , 36 , 49 , 64 ....
Among these numbers, only 4 and 9 are consecutive perfect squares that have 3 positive factors ( for instance 16 = 4*4 = 2*2*2*2 --> 5 factors and SO ON )
Hence, y=9 and x=4 --> 9 = 4.2 +1 --> R = 1

Thus, (1) SUFFICIENT

(2) Both $$\sqrt{x}$$ and $$\sqrt{y}$$ are prime numbers
Consecutive perfect squares could be : 4 , 9 , 16 , 25 , 36 , 49 , 64 ....
Among these numbers, only 4 and 9 are consecutive perfect squares that have their square roots as prime numbers ( for example : $$\sqrt{16}$$ = 4, which is not a prime number and SO ON )
Hence, y=9 and x=4 --> 9 = 4.2 --> R = 1

Thus, (2) SUFFICIENT

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Last edited by Rock750 on 29 Mar 2013, 04:20, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!! [#permalink]

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26 Mar 2013, 04:27
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4. Each digit of the three-digit integer N is a multiple of 4, what is the value of K?

(1) The units digit of K is the least common multiple of the tens and hundreds digit of K
(2) K is NOT a multiple of 3.

Given that each digit of the three-digit integer N is a multiple of 4 , K could be : 444 or 448 or 484 or 488 ...

(1) The units digit of K is the least common multiple of the tens and hundreds digit of K

So , K should b equal to 444 (LCM(4,4) = 4) OR equalt to 888 (LCM(8,8) = 8) OR equalt to 488 (LCM(4,8) = 8) ....
Hence, (1) NOT SUFFICIENT

(2) K is NOT a multiple of 3.

So, K could be equal to 448 or 484 ...
Hence, (2) NOT SUFFICIENT

(1) + (2)

Both 488 and 848 have their units digit as the LCM of the tens and hundreds and are not a mulitple of 3
Hence, (1) + (2) NOT SUFFICIENT

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Re: New Set: Number Properties!!!   [#permalink] 26 Mar 2013, 04:27

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