Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery. Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?



A. Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B. Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C. Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D. The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E. The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

I'm going with A.

I think it's E

patients are indistinguishable -> doctors advise them on the same ground that they hav 75% chance of getting benefit from the surgery.

E seems to be the best option

A seems to be the best option.

E for me
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IE IMBA 2010

One more for E

D. The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E. The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

D states that the doctors knew about the patients' conditions and the doctors didnt influence the patients which is OK...

But E has a stronger point that distinguishing whose operation would be successful and those whose wouldnt is impossible.

So E wins as it most seriously undermines the arg

arguement---The 25%-didnt benefit from the surg-were advised by doctors for selfish motives.

If people who benefited were the same as people who did not benefit before the surgery. How would the doc know that the 25 wouldnt benefit so that the doc could be selfish?

D is out of scope, just cuz they were equally informed does not mean that the docs could not lie to the 25.

I pick D.