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OG 12th Edition: Q81. Recently physicians have determined

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OG 12th Edition: Q81. Recently physicians have determined [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 03:21
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Question Stats:

92% (01:15) correct 7% (00:12) wrong based on 0 sessions
OG 12th Edition:

Q81. Recently physicians have determined that stomach
ulcers are not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods,
but a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the
stomach.

(A) not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but
(B) not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but
are by
(C) caused not by stress, alcohol, or rich foods,
but by
(D) caused not by stress, alcohol, and rich foods, but
(E) caused not by stress, alcohol, and rich foods,
but are by


Can someone please explain why you are not allowed to insert an 'are' in this idiom? (answer choice (B))

Why 'are' is not allowed here? I think that this structure maintains parallelism:

NOT verb by noun, noun, or noun, BUT verb by noun

Please explain.

Thanks a lot
[Reveal] Spoiler: OA
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 04:35
Hey

Answer C is correct.

According to option C the sentence structure is that
Recent physicians have .... are caused NOT X BUT Y.
Here " are caused " is parallel to both X and Y. Hence we need not repeat it at Y.
This structure can also be rephrased as:
Recent physicians have... are NOT X BUT Y.
But in this case "cause" has to be included in both the parts X and Y.

Hope it clarifies.
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 04:43
ksp, thanks for your reply. Just before you wrote, I thought about it and came to the same conclusion:

Quote:
Recent physicians have... are NOT X BUT Y.
But in this case "cause" has to be included in both the parts X and Y.


Thanks again.
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 04:44
Ans C,

Adding 'are' before 'by' is redundant.
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 04:46
Quote:
Adding 'are' before 'by' is redundant.


I don't think it's redundant. Rather it's incorrect because of parallelism mismatch between the left and right parts of the structure.
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 04:49
:)
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 11:55
nonameee wrote:
ksp, thanks for your reply. Just before you wrote, I thought about it and came to the same conclusion:

Quote:
Recent physicians have... are NOT X BUT Y.
But in this case "cause" has to be included in both the parts X and Y.


Thanks again.


Minor clarification - actually the sentence structure is

"caused not by X...., but by Y.."

The word "by" should be on both sides of the comma.

So this is an X&Y Consistency Question (Framework #6).
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 17:05
Quote:
NOT verb by noun, noun, or noun, BUT verb by noun


'are' and 'caused' are not the same type of verb. One is helping verb, another is past participle. So, why they are not parallel.
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Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism [#permalink] New post 15 Nov 2011, 17:46
not by...but by - go for the easy kill!
Re: Idiom NOT x BUT y ... don't fully understand parallelism   [#permalink] 15 Nov 2011, 17:46
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