Flooding has been and it will continue to be a problem that

Flooding has been and it will continue to be a problem that grows as more and more pavement is put
down, concentrating runoff.

A. Flooding has been and it will continue to be a problem that grows as more and more pavement is put down,
concentrating runoff. what does modifier concentrating runoff relate to?
B. Flooding—a problem that has been and will continue to grow as more and more pavement is put down,
concentrating runoff. what does modifier concentrating runoff relate to?
C. Flooding, which is an old problem that will continue to grow due to concentrated runoff as more and more
pavement is put down. concentrated runoff is an effect, not a cause - changes meaning
D. Flooding from concentrated runoff as more and more pavement is put down has been and it will continue to
be a problem that grows. . concentrated runoff is an effect, not a cause - changes meaning
E. Flooding has been and will continue to be a problem, and it will grow as more and more pavement is put down,
concentrating runoff. correct

A. Flooding has been and it will continue to be a problem that grows as more and more pavement is put down,
concentrating runoff. –---- the correct choice
B. Flooding—a problem that has been and will continue to grow as more and more pavement is put down,
concentrating runoff. --- a fragment; no verb for the subject ‘flooding’
C. Flooding, which is an old problem that will continue to grow due to concentrated runoff as more and more
pavement is put down. ----- a fragment; no verb for the subject ‘flooding’
D. Flooding from concentrated runoff as more and more pavement is put down has been and it will continue to
be a problem that grows. --- The first part does not signify what flooding has been. ‘Flooding from’ is inappropriate in the context since there is cause and effect. Flooding due to would be better.
E. Flooding has been and will continue to be a problem and it will grow as more and more pavement is put down,
concentrating runoff. --- Change of meaning---- The original says that the problem will continue to grow while this choice says flooding will grow. . Actually only the problem can grow and not the flooding per se. So wrong

Hi daagh,
what is the difference between (i) and (ii) below?
(i)Flooding has been and IT will continue to be a problem
(ii)Flooding has been and will continue to be a problem

Both mean the same although the ‘it’ in the first choice is redundant. The second version means the same thing even without the ‘it’.

For example, we don’t have to say: I will go to New York next month and I will stay there for 10 days. It will suffice to say: I will go to New York and will stay there for 10 days or even better, ‘I will go to New York and stay there for 10 days’.

But that is not the crux of my point in rejecting E. Look at this please

A. Flooding has been and it will continue to be a problem that grows as more and more pavement is put down, concentrating runoff.

E. Flooding has been and will continue to be a problem and it will grow as more and more pavement is put down, concentrating runoff.

The question is what will grow? Is it the flooding or the problem? By virtue of the pronoun ‘it’, which refers to the subject of the sentence, namely, flooding, E means to say that flooding will grow. I don’t think ‘that flooding will grow and the problem of flooding will grow’ are both the same. This is just my opinion.

wow a toughie...!
Options A and D use a pronoun referrent for Flooding incorrectly. Without a comma separator, you cannot use a pronoun for the same subject. Had A been, "Flooding has been, and it will bla bla" then it would have been a better choice. B and C are disasters because they don't have the main verb.
As daagh said in earlier posts that flooding can't grow but a problem can, but IMO here lies the trick. "Flooding has been and will CONTINUE TO BE A PROBLEM." It implies that Flooding is a problem and as a problem, it will continue to grow. So my take is E.

Also, i think we need to understand the meaning of the closing modifier "concentrating runoff"
runoff; "The occurrence of surplus liquid (as water) exceeding the limit or capacity"

I asked myself: what leads to "concentrating runoff"? Is it
(i) problem that grows leads to more runoffs ...or
(ii) flooding that grows leads to more runoffs

Guys what do you think?

IM Strong O its flooding.
What do u think

IMO, neither. It is the more and more pavement that is put down is leading to the run-off as paved surfaces do not permit percolation and absorption of water

I have come across this sentence somwhere donno source exactly

Flooding has been and it will continue to be a problem that grows as more and more pavement is put
down, concentrating runoff.

In that it was mentioned that has been and it will continue this is redundant so can be replaced with will continue.
Anyways flooding still continues. so has been and it will continue is redundant.

Will post if i find this source....

-- Shan

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