Sentence Analysis
Point to observe: The “not only” part contains an inverted sentence structure – an inverted sentence has the verb (are) before the subject (interest rates).
The sentence gives two reasons to explain how the prime lending rate is a key rate in the economy. The two reasons are:
1. The interest rates on most loans to small and mid-sized businesses are tied to the prime lending rate.
2. The interest rates on a growing number of consumer loans are also tied to the prime lending rate.
The sentence is incorrect since, in the “not only X but also Y” construction, X and Y are not parallel. While X is an independent clause, Y is a prepositional phrase.
Option Analysis
A.
not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on Incorrect. For the error mentioned above.
B.
tied to the prime are the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses, but also onCorrect. We believe that many people reject this option since they find the structure “tied to prime are” incorrect. However, this structure is a perfectly valid inverted structure. Here, the subject is “the interest rates”, and the verb is “are tied”.
C.
the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime, but also
Incorrect. In the “not only X but also Y” construction, X and Y are not parallel. While X has a verb “are tied” for the subject “the interest rates”, Y doesn’t have a verb. Besides, the preposition “on” is missing after “but also”.
D.
not only the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime, but also on Incorrect. This option has the same error as the original sentence has. Also, when we have an independent clause after “not only”, the independent clause needs to be in the inverted sentence structure. In this option, the independent clause following “not only” is in the normal sentence structure.
E.
the interest rates are tied to the prime, not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses, but alsoIncorrect. The absence of the preposition “on” after “but also” makes the elements non-parallel.
Please note that “including” is a preposition, not a verb-ing modifier. In this case, “including” modifies the preceding noun “consumer loans”.