For years, U.S. employers have counted on a steady flow of labor from Mexico willing to accept low-skilled, low paying jobs. These workers, many of whom leave economically depressed villages in the Mexican interior, are often more than willing to work for wages well below both the U.S. minimum wage and the poverty line. However, thanks to a dramatic demographic shift currently taking place in Mexico, the seemingly inexhaustible supply of workers migrating from Mexico to the United States might one day greatly diminish if not cease.
Predictions of such a drastic decrease in the number of Mexican immigrants, both legal and illegal, are driven by Mexico’s rapidly diminishing population growth. As a result of a decades-long family planning campaign, most Mexicans are having far fewer children than was the norm a generation ago. The campaign, organized around the slogan that “the small family lives better,” saw the Mexican government establish family-planning clinics and offer free contraception. For nearly three decades, the government’s message concerning population hasn’t wavered. In fact, the Mexican Senate recently voted to extend public school sex education programs to kindergarten.
The result of Mexico’s efforts to stem population growth is nothing short of stunning. In 1968, the average Mexican woman had just fewer than seven children; today, the figure is slightly more than two. For two primary reasons, Mexico’s new demographics could greatly impact the number of Mexicans seeking work in the U.S. First, smaller families by their nature limit the pool of potential migrants. Second, the slowing of Mexico’s population growth has fostered hope that Mexico will develop a healthy middle class of people content to make their livelihoods in their home country.
Though the former of these factors is all but assured, the growth of a healthy middle class is far from a foregone conclusion. The critical challenge for Mexico is what it does with the next 20 years. Mexico must invest in education, job training, and infrastructure, as well as a social-security system to protect its aging population. If Mexico is willing to step forward and meet this challenge, America may one day wake up to find that, like cheap gasoline, cheap Mexican labor has become a thing of the past.
Q1. The passage does NOT indicate which of the following concerning Mexico’s current demographics?
A. Due to the government’s family planning campaign, Mexico’s population is currently diminishing.
(Government's family planning is reducing the population growth rate & not the population itself...Didn't spent much time on other choices) B. On average, Mexican women are having approximately one-third the number of children that they had in 1968.
C. Many Mexicans still migrate to the United States in search of work.
D. As a result of declining birth rates, Mexico’s population is aging.
E. A healthy middle class in Mexico has not yet fully developed.
Solve this one correct under time constraint and you will be hero in my eyes and I will be asking for some explanations
Q2. Which of the following can be inferred about U.S. employers of Mexican immigrants?
A. Most of these employers pay Mexican immigrants less money than they pay American citizens.
(this one is bit tricky but passage doesn't say that most of the employees pay less to the Mexicans) B. Some of these employers violate wage laws.
(Line 2 in 1st paragraph strengthen this choice) C. Many of these employers work in the agricultural industry.
(no evidence available for this) D. Without Mexican immigrants, some of these employers would be forced to close their businesses.
(Too extreme) E. The majority of these employers show no concern for the welfare of their workers.
(Not mentioned in paragraph)
Q3. One function of the final paragraph of the passage is to
A. relate why the number of Mexican immigrants seeking work in the United States is certain to decline.
(paragraph says that how 1 factor will help to decrease the flow of mexican workers & other doesn't so this option is out) B. detail the successes of Mexico’s family planning campaign.
(Not mentioned in 3rd paragraph) C. explain why the number of Mexican immigrants seeking work in the United States may not dramatically decrease.
(The effect of the 2nd factor mentioned in 2nd paragraph is inconclusive so this sounds the best choice among all) D. specify the types of infrastructure in which Mexico must invest.
(they details in the paragraph, does not specify the function of paragraph) E. notify American employers that they will soon need to find alternative sources of labor.