100mitra wrote:
RC#8 long passage {10 mins 3/3 correct}
Pharaphasing
Para 1: “Homeostasis” is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems
Challenge: Maintaining adequate internal fluid balance.
3 examples how "Homeostasis" is maintained below
Para 2: Desert Rats: behavioral - in the most water-deprived environments
- burrows during the hot part of the day to avoid fluid loss
- can excrete a urine having twice as high a salt content as seawater.
Para 3: Camels: simple endurance - in the most water-deprived environments
- by sweating and panting only when their body temperature exceeds
- they conserve internal water (fluid loss)
Para 4: Marine vertebrates: in an all-water environment
- the excess salts from the seawater
- special salt-secreting organs outside the kidney that enable them to eliminate excess salt.
1. Which of the following most accurately states the purpose of the passage?
(A) To compare two different approaches to the study of homeostasis
Wrong: Passage has two different examples of different living being behave to maintain homeostasis.
(B) To summarize the findings of several studies regarding organisms’ maintenance of internal variables in extreme environments
Wrong: Tricky! I kept this option on hold, checking next option, returning back, with best of 2 between D and B, I realized that, it’s not summarized of several studies regarding organisms, in fact, in passage a statement is quoted, followed by 3 examples to explain how homeostasis is maintained by different organs for different living species.
(C) To argue for a particular hypothesis regarding various organisms’ conservation of water in desert environments
Wrong: No argue to any a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
(D) To cite examples of how homeostasis is achieved by various organisms
Correct: the author has mentioned 3 examples 2 from terrestrial and 1 from Marine vertebrates, how homeostasis is achieved.
(E) To defend a new theory regarding the maintenance of adequate fluid balance
Wrong: Easy elimination, there is no any mention of theory.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that
some mechanisms that regulate internal body temperature,
like sweating and panting, can lead to which of the following?
Explanation: as mentioned in the passage in para 2
“camels do rely on a special mechanism to keep water loss within a tolerable range: by sweating and panting
only when their body temperature exceeds that which would kill a human,
they conserve internal water”
(A) A rise in the external body temperature – No
(B) A drop in the body’s internal fluid level - Yes
(C) A decrease in the osmotic pressure of the blood – No
(D) A decrease in the amount of renal water loss – No
(E) A decrease in the urine’s salt content – No
3. It can be inferred from the passage that
the author characterizes the camel’s kidney as “entirely unexceptional” (line 26)
primarily to emphasize that it
(A) functions much as the kidney of a rat functions
Wrong: as mentioned in passage para 3 “They cannot store water, and their reliance on an entirely unexceptional kidney results in a rate of water loss through renal function significantly higher than that of desert rats” there is contrast between camel and desert rat kidney
(B) does not aid the camel in coping with the exceptional water loss resulting from the extreme conditions of its environment
Correct: Exactly, since camel kidney does not aid, due to sweating and patting huge liquid loss occurs with camel in extreme conditions to maintain internal temperature balance
(C) does not enable the camel to excrete as much salt as do the kidneys of marine vertebrates
Wrong: No such information is mentioned in passage
(D) is similar in structure to the kidneys of most mammals living in water-deprived environments
Wrong: mammals living in water deprived environments have additional organ apart from kidney to eliminate excess salt.
(E) requires the help of other organs in eliminating excess salt
Wrong: Camel kidney does not have additional organ to eliminate salt from body.
Dear
100mitra,
Well done! concerning the option B:
Quote:
(B) To summarize the findings of several studies regarding organisms’ maintenance of internal variables in extreme environments
Wrong: Tricky! I kept this option on hold, checking next option, returning back, with best of 2 between D and B, I realized that, it’s not summarized of several studies regarding organisms, in fact, in passage a statement is quoted, followed by 3 examples to explain how homeostasis is maintained by different organs for different living species.
Let us modify the answer:
(B)
To summarize To highlight the findings of several studies regarding organisms’ maintenance of internal variables in extreme environments
Does one word change the meaning?