His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful, Sir Joseph Lister lent his name to the company that developed Listerine, the first antibacterial liquid.

a. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful
b. Since his campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms had been eventually successful
c. Because of the eventual success of his campaigning for sanitary conditions in operating rooms
d. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms being eventually successful
e. Campaigning, eventually successfully, for conditions to be sanitary in operating rooms

Please explain , if possible

i take C.

B and C change the meaning of the sentence. The original sentence says only that Lister lent his name after the success of his campaign. B and C say that he did this because of the success of the campaign.

D follows the general pattern that choices containing "being" are incorrect. Here, the present tense "being" does not agree with the past tense in the main clause. ("Having been" would be OK here.)

E, again, changes the meaning: the original sentence states that Lister lent his name after his campaign; according to E, the campaign and the name lending occur at the same time.

So the only acceptable choice is A. The opening phrase of A may look strange, but this is what is known as an absolute phrase. An absolute phrase is a modifying phrase formed without either a conjunction or a verb. These phrases often contain participles, but they don't have to.

I picked C..

I agree that A looks best. B seemed like the next best thing but to me the word 'eventually' in there seems redundant so A definitely seems correct.

I could any guess.
D.

OA is A

His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful, Sir Joseph Lister lent his name to the company that developed Listerine, the first antibacterial liquid.

a. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful
b. Since his campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms had been eventually successful
c. Because of the eventual success of his campaigning for sanitary conditions in operating rooms
d. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms being eventually successful
e. Campaigning, eventually successfully, for conditions to be sanitary in operating rooms => awakward

A seems to be the best.

I said A for this. Lookin at the popular choice C had me thinkin otherwise.

Johnrb has got an awsome explanation.

Dwi - I did google .. read below - I have question for u -
Absolute Phrases

Absolute phrases are made of nouns or pronouns followed by a participle and any modifiers of the noun or pronoun. Absolute phrases contain a subject (unlike participial phrases), and no predicate. They serve to modify an entire sentence.
Examples:

Joan looked nervous, her fears creeping up on her.
noun/subject: her fears
participle: creeping
modifier: up on her
absolute phrase: her fears creeping up on her

Tom paled when he came home, his mother standing in the
doorway.
noun/subject: his mother
participle: standing
modifier: in the doorway
absolute phrase: his mother standing in the doorway

--
so if we take ongoing GMAT example here -
His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful, Sir Joseph Lister lent his name to the company that developed Listerine, the first antibacterial liquid.

then,

1) His campain - noun/subject
2) participle - operating
3) modifier - finally succesful
4) absolute phrase - His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful,

Am I right? did I get the grammer rule correctly?

thanks.
His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful,