Sixty adults were asked to keep a diary of their meals, including what

(A) Diners spent a much longer time at meals served with alcohol than they did at those serve without alcohol.
This indirectly supports the explanation.
(B) The meals eaten later in the day tended to be larger than those eaten earlier in the day, and later meals were more likely to include alcohol.- This directly supports the explanation.
(C) People eat more when there are more people present at the meal, and more people tended to be present at meal served with alcohol than at meals served without alcohol.-.- This directly supports the explanation.
(D) The meals that were most carefully prepared and most attractively served tended to be those at which alcoholic beverages were consumed.This indirectly supports the explanation.
(E) At meals that included alcohol, relatively more of the total calories consumed came from carbohydrates and relatively fewer of them came from fats and proteins.- This is no way related , because the concern over here is the difference in calorie intake and not the source of calorie, and this also does not say that the above is not true for food served without alcohol
So I believe the OA is E.

E for sure:
it would be an over assumption to say that food from carbs are "more caloric" than food from fats and proteins

Answer – E

60 adult make diary for gathering data on their alcohol and calories consumption habits
Outcome-
Calories from Non-Alcoholic source (in Meals with Alcohol)
= Approx 175 calories more than (calories from Non-Alcoholic source in meals (No-Alcohol))

Best choice that does not explains some role/ relationship of alcohol in the meal for increasing the calories
Process of Elimination-
A) Long Relationship stated, Meals with alcohol - extra time eating, and so tend to consume more calories.
B) Relationship stated between larger meals (higher calorie intake) later in the day and alcohol
C) States a relationship between alcohol and calorie intake at Gathering of more ppl.. people eat more when there are a lot of them eating together,
D) States a relationship between alcohol and claries intake for the meals - most carefully prepared and most attractively served
E) No relationship between alcohol and claries intake. Bit ambiguous as the calorie in a food item would be the same whether or not consumed with alcohol. Also does present a difference between the two types of meals

Indeed this one must be E, but the main reason people might not pick it is because they think "well I know that carbohydrates provide calories so this is true wheras A or D or whatever might not be true". Beware conflating what is true with what is relevant to the question. All of these answer choices come with the questions stem: "which of the following, if true..."

If all are assumed to be true, then only E would not explain a difference in calorific intake.

Hope this helps!
-Ron

Sixty adults were asked to keep a diary of their meals, including what they consumed, when, and in the company of how many people. It was found that at meals with which they drank alcoholic beverages, they consumed about 175 calories more from non-alcoholic source than they did at meals with which they did not drink alcoholic beverages.

(E) At meals that included alcohol, relatively more of the total calories consumed came from carbohydrates and relatively fewer of them came from fats and proteins.
>> Only this option doesn't mention abt the calories from non-alcoholic meal. It just mentions calories coming from different sources in a particular meal type, meal with alcoholic beverages.

A,B and C can be easily eliminated. But what about D? Do we assume that carefully prepared and well served mean "more calories"? I think that both D and E can be conteders here

Hi,
D still gives us a reason WHY food intake was more with alcoholic beverages..

since the food served with drinks tends to be more carefully planned and better served, it is likely that the individuals eat more looking at the preparation and services, this in turn means more calories through more intake..
so still a better choice than E
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Non second thought with (E), it comes straightaway after reading the options....


Here's why -

(A) Spending much longer time at meals served with alcohol ( which itself contains high calorie ) , might include food containing high calorie foods , which the diners take while having their drinks served / during course of dinner.

(B) Larger meal with alcohol ( which itself contains high calorie ) can contribute to excess calorie consumption.

(C) Alcohol itself contains high calorie and it may contribute the the additional calorie intake..

(D) Alcohol beverages consumed ( which itself contains high calorie ) , so this may contribute to high calorie intake.

(E) High Calorie Intake : Carbohydrates > Fats and proteins.

Does (E) explain any difference ? No not at all, it simply mentions that Calorific value remains the same , but the contribution of Carbohydrates towards the total Calorie consumption is more...


Hence will simply go for (E)

PS : Key point I considered here is Alcohol itself (may) contain high calorific value...
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Option E it is.

Here is how I approached the question:

The question says that people gain greater calories from food they eat along with alcohol than along with non alcoholic drinks. There are two scenarios here :

Scenario 1 : Food with alcohol ---> y calories consumed
Scenario 2 : Food with non-alcohol ---> x calories consumed

As per question y>x. Now each of the options contributes to the reason behind this difference except one.

Option E --> Calorie from carbs > Calorie from fats Does this help us explain the reason behind the difference ? No. Hence the answer is option E.
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Sixty adults were asked to keep a diary of their meals, including what they consumed, when, and in the company of how many people. It was found that at meals with which they drank alcoholic beverages, they consumed about 175 calories more from non-alcoholic source than they did at meals with which they did not drink alcoholic beverages.


Each of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the difference in caloric intake EXCEPT:

The point is - more calorie intake (from non-alcoholic food ) is due to the presence of alcohol in meals.

Ask is find the point where it is NOT due to alcohol.

(A) Diners spent a much longer time at meals served with alcohol than they did at those serve without alcohol.
- more calorie intake is due to the presence of alcohol
(B) The meals eaten later in the day tended to be larger than those eaten earlier in the day, and later meals were more likely to include alcohol.
more calorie intake is due to the presence of alcohol
(C) People eat more when there are more people present at the meal, and more people tended to be present at meal served with alcohol than at meals served without alcohol.
- more calorie intake is due to the presence of alcohol
(D) The meals that were most carefully prepared and most attractively served tended to be those at which alcoholic beverages were consumed
- carefully prepared and most attractively served : more intake of food/ calories.
still more calorie intake is due to the presence of alcohol
(E) At meals that included alcohol, relatively more of the total calories consumed came from carbohydrates and relatively fewer of them came from fats and proteins.
What about the meal that do not include alcohol.
No comparison.
more calorie intake is NOT due to the presence of alcohol CORRECT.

(A) Diners spent a much longer time at meals served with alcohol than they did at those serve without alcohol.
(B) The meals eaten later in the day tended to be larger than those eaten earlier in the day, and later meals were more likely to include alcohol.
(C) People eat more when there are more people present at the meal, and more people tended to be present at meal served with alcohol than at meals served without alcohol.

The above three choices explain the conclusion very directly and hence can be eliminated.

(D) The meals that were most carefully prepared and most attractively served tended to be those at which alcoholic beverages were consumed.

One can make an argument that carefully prepared and most attractively served meals do not necessarily result in extra calories, but this would be a weak argument. A person is likely to eat more and hence consume more calories. Lets keep this as a weak contender for now. Eliminated after review of E.

(E) At meals that included alcohol, relatively more of the total calories consumed came from carbohydrates and relatively fewer of them came from fats and proteins.

Absolutely irrelevant to the conclusion. We are concerned with the total calories and not the macronutrient break-up of those calories. This does not explain in any manner what the passage has concluded about the calorie count in non-alcoholic portion in alcoholic and non-alcoholic meals. Correct choice.

I disagree with you on the explanation that says "since the food served with drinks tends to be more carefully planned and better served, it is likely that the individuals eat more looking at the preparation and services, this in turn means more calories through more intake.."

Foods that are carefully planned and better served do not guarantee or increase the likelihood that one will eat more, leading to more calories. What If they don't eat more, but the foods themselves contain higher amount of calories than usual?

Let's take a look at the reasoning and the choice again:

Reasoning: It was found that at meals with which they drank alcoholic beverages, they consumed about 175 calories more from nonalcoholic source than they did at meals with which they did not drink alcoholic beverages.
— So, the reasoning guarantees that one will eat about 175 calories If he or she drink alcoholic beverages. We can not question this since it is the fact.

Choice: (D) The meals that were most carefully prepared and most attractively served tended to be those at which alcoholic beverages were consumed.
—The point is that this contributes to the explanation— this answer itself is not the explanation — that said "consumed about 175 calories more". What does (D) say is that the individuals are more likely to eat the foods, not that they are likely to eat more.
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