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Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites. (A) acting as sentinels and to sound (B) acting as sentinels and sounding (C) to act as sentinels and sound (D) to act as sentinels and to sound (E) to act as a sentinel sounding The only option looks right to me is B. It is the OA indeed.
However, my question is what "sounding" functions as? It can't be the parallelism of "acting" and " scouting" because of 2 "and" preceded "sounding" and "scouting". Therefore it must be a noun and parallel with "sentinels".
But IMO, an article is needed ("a sounding") or the plural should be used ("soundings").
We can't say "My properties include houses and CAR =>IMO: "My properties include houses and cars (or a car)" is better.
What do you think?
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Sounding is a verb with an -ing form. The verb Act should be parallel to the other verbs in the sentence -defending and scouting. Verb Sound should be parallel to Acting in the phrase - acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger. Hence we use sounding and acting verb forms as in Answer Choice B.
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atish wrote: Sounding is a verb with an -ing form. The verb Act should be parallel to the other verbs in the sentence -defending and scouting. Verb Sound should be parallel to Acting in the phrase - acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger.
Hence we use sounding and acting verb forms as in Answer Choice B. I got the red part, but what "sounding" parallels with? (because there is an "and" preceded "sounding", "sounding" must parallel with something. And my question is still the same as the one in the Spoiler.
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I think it is B because it follow parallalism.
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sounding here is a present participle that modifies the previous clause "residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance"
read the second part this way
residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites
defending is parallel to scouting
acting and sounding are parallel to each other and modify "defending the entrance". How do the residents defend the entrance? acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger.
Let me know if this helps.
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mikeCoolBoy wrote: sounding here is a present participle that modifies the previous clause "residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance"
read the second part this way
residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites
defending is parallel to scouting
acting and sounding are parallel to each other and modify "defending the entrance". How do the residents defend the entrance? acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger.
Let me know if this helps. I got it now. Thanks. +1 for you 
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fall2009 wrote: mikeCoolBoy wrote: sounding here is a present participle that modifies the previous clause "residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance"
read the second part this way
residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites
defending is parallel to scouting
acting and sounding are parallel to each other and modify "defending the entrance". How do the residents defend the entrance? acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger.
Let me know if this helps. I got it now. Thanks. +1 for you you're welcome. Glad it helped
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IMO B 'acting' and 'sounding' are parallel
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mikeCoolBoy wrote: sounding here is a present participle that modifies the previous clause "residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance"
read the second part this way
residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites
defending is parallel to scouting
acting and sounding are parallel to each other and modify "defending the entrance". How do the residents defend the entrance? acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger.
Let me know if this helps. Dear Mike ..... While i totally agree with u that: 1. defending is parallel to scouting & 2. acting and sounding are parallel to each other However, since, the second "acting and sounding" is a subordinate clause of "scouting" hence It should NOT be parallel to scouting ..... as making it parallel to scouting makes all 4 verbs independent of each other which is not warranted! Hence i feel that by using D: "to act as sentinels & to sound" we are making "act and sound" parallel .... even though i agree that it does make it sound a little wierd. What do feel on this ?? Or is there some flaw in my reasoning !??!! Kindly explain
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As a matter of fact ...... Just checked, this Qs is in the 2nd ed of Verbal review and the explanation says that ALL 4 words are paralllel !!! That makes them independent. But if that be the case, how can their be TWO "and"s in the option??? It should be A,B,C, D & E -- right ?? Or is there some exception where we can have A,B and C and D and E ??
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Oh ! I get it now ..........!!!!!! Sorry for the third consecutive post though !!!! Actually, even though logically, a sentence should be in the format A,B,C, D & E [where A= defending B = acting C = Sounding D = Scouting & E = Roosting !!] However, this is an exception. If u look at the sentence, they have already mentioned D & E as "and scouting" & "and roosting" in the NON_UNDERLINED part. So taking the GMAC to be right(!), we can parallel this structure! So in order to parallel that we can have "acting as sentinels" and "sounding" separated by an "AND" Hope i have made things clearer and not confused u all further ..!!! 
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Last edited by tgtharvard on 15 Jul 2010, 07:55, edited 1 time in total.
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Can some one please explain why C is wrong? Don;t say because B is //
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Options C & D are essentially the same. The onlly difference being an additinal "to" Now while C is not a wrong way of maintaining parallelism since the second "to" CAN be omitted; However, incase a sentence wiTH the extra "to" is ALSO given then that is better as the parallelism is MORE CLEAR ! So between the two, D is better than C ! And B is better than the both of them because of my posts above .... which i hope can make things clearer !! Regards
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B for me.
thanks mikeCoolBoy. you made it so easy.
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Re: Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that [#permalink]
 24 Dec 2011, 01:36
in second part of sentence there is 'warning"...thus first part to be || with this.
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Re: Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that [#permalink]
30 Dec 2011, 15:55
We recently created a video solution for this question. For more video solutions, log in to your e-GMAT account and go to OG Verbal Solutions course. http://vimeo.com/32296672
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Re: Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that [#permalink]
12 Mar 2012, 20:04
I picked B for this question:
The different duties must be expressed in parallel form - in this case, present participles.
A. Although "Acting" is parallel to defending and scouting, "to sound" is not parallel to "acting." Therefore, this answer choice is incorrect.
B. This answer choice is correct because parallelism is maintained in all present participles.
C. "to act" is not parallel to the other present participles.
D. Same as C
E. Same as C
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Re: Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that
[#permalink]
12 Mar 2012, 20:04
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