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# Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any

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22 Nov 2010, 06:11
I will stick with E,but I have my doubts since the fee has increased for everyone (Locals and outsiders) how would you justify increase in per capita fee?

Ox + Iy = C
O=outsiders, fee=x
I=Locals, fee=y
O decreases, I increases x and y can both be adjusted to compensate.
C/x+y wouldnt necessarily go up.
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22 Nov 2010, 10:53
E is clear winner
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29 Nov 2010, 12:30
I choose B. I can understand why E is an option but nothing ever states that the school has to reach a certain budget in the actually excerpt. I personally feel that is too far out of scope for the question. However, in the upper 700 level questions that is what makes the difference between right and wrong
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29 Nov 2010, 13:58
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. => The relation "high tuition/ rising academic standards" is not mentioned above.
(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. => nowhere in the statement above, it is said that academic standards could affect the enrollment
(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. => we talk about "proportion" and not "number"
(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. => no comparison is made in the initial statement
(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. => a math question:
capita revenue = x% * 2 *Marklander tuition + (100-x)%* Marklander tuition = (1 + x%)* Marklander Tuition
=> since x decreases, capita revenue does not change, then Tuition must increase
Well, of courses we don't write down this equation during the test , just reason it intuitively
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29 Nov 2010, 14:06
zeep wrote:
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. => The relation "high tuition/ rising academic standards" is not mentioned above.
(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. => nowhere in the statement above, it is said that academic standards could affect the enrollment
(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. => we talk about "proportion" and not "number"
(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. => no comparison is made in the initial statement
(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. => a math question:
capita revenue = x% * 2 *Marklander tuition + (100-x)%* Marklander tuition = (1 + x%)* Marklander Tuition
=> since x decreases, capita revenue does not change, then Tuition must increase
Well, of courses we don't write down this equation during the test , just reason it intuitively

Since the fee has increased for everyone (Locals and outsiders) how would you justify increase in per capita fee?

Ox + Iy = C
O=outsiders, fee=x
I=Locals, fee=y
O decreases, I increases x and y can both be adjusted to compensate.
C/O+I wouldnt necessarily go up.

Last edited by vicksikand on 29 Nov 2010, 14:39, edited 1 time in total.
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29 Nov 2010, 14:26
vicksikand wrote:
zeep wrote:
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. => The relation "high tuition/ rising academic standards" is not mentioned above.
(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. => nowhere in the statement above, it is said that academic standards could affect the enrollment
(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. => we talk about "proportion" and not "number"
(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. => no comparison is made in the initial statement
(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. => a math question:
capita revenue = x% * 2 *Marklander tuition + (100-x)%* Marklander tuition = (1 + x%)* Marklander Tuition
=> since x decreases, capita revenue does not change, then Tuition must increase
Well, of courses we don't write down this equation during the test , just reason it intuitively

Since the fee has increased for everyone (Locals and outsiders) how would you justify increase in per capita fee?

Ox + Iy = C just a remark: in your equation, C is the revenue, not per capita revenue. Then to reason with "per capita revenue", it should be x* O/(O+I) + y * I/(O+I) = C/(I+O) , with x = 2y
given O/(O+I) = A then I/(O+I) = 1-A => equation above is equivalent to
2y * A + y * (1-A) = C/(I+O) <=> y*(1+A) = C/(I+O)
Then if C/(O+I) = per capita does not change, A (proportion of outsiders) decreases => y must increase

O=outsiders, fee=x
I=Locals, fee=y
O decreases, I increases x and y can both be adjusted to compensate.
C/x+y wouldnt necessarily go up.

hope this help
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29 Nov 2010, 14:45
zeep wrote:
vicksikand wrote:
zeep wrote:
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. => The relation "high tuition/ rising academic standards" is not mentioned above.
(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. => nowhere in the statement above, it is said that academic standards could affect the enrollment
(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. => we talk about "proportion" and not "number"
(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. => no comparison is made in the initial statement
(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. => a math question:
capita revenue = x% * 2 *Marklander tuition + (100-x)%* Marklander tuition = (1 + x%)* Marklander Tuition
=> since x decreases, capita revenue does not change, then Tuition must increase
Well, of courses we don't write down this equation during the test , just reason it intuitively

Since the fee has increased for everyone (Locals and outsiders) how would you justify increase in per capita fee?

Ox + Iy = C just a remark: in your equation, C is the revenue, not per capita revenue. Then to reason with "per capita revenue", it should be x* O/(O+I) + y * I/(O+I) = C/(I+O) , with x = 2y
given O/(O+I) = A then I/(O+I) = 1-A => equation above is equivalent to
2y * A + y * (1-A) = C/(I+O) <=> y*(1+A) = C/(I+O)
Then if C/(O+I) = per capita does not change, A (proportion of outsiders) decreases => y must increase

O=outsiders, fee=x
I=Locals, fee=y
O decreases, I increases x and y can both be adjusted to compensate.
C/x+y wouldnt necessarily go up.

hope this help

I was lazy not to take that extra step of setting up the weighted average equation and simplifying it.
Good job and yes I agree with what you have done.
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29 Nov 2010, 19:21
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noboru wrote:
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years.
(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment.
(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased.
(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.
(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.

Question stem: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
This is a 'must be true' question. You are looking for the option that can be inferred from the stimulus.

Premises:
-Students from outside Markland, who pay twice as much tuition as do students from Markland, had accounted for at least 2/3 of the enrollment.
-Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which means that 60% students are now Marklanders.

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years.
We do not know why the standards improved. Cannot be inferred.

(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment.
Cannot be inferred. We do not know if there is a relation between academic standards and % of non Marklanders.

(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased.
No information about number of students. Cannot be inferred.

(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.
No information about other colleges. Cannot be inferred.
(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.
Per capita revenue implies the average paid by each student. It doesn't matter whether the total number of students have increased or decreased. If those paying twice have reduced, then to still get the same average, tuition must have increased.

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Get started with Veritas Prep GMAT On Demand for $199 Veritas Prep Reviews Retired Moderator Status: worked for Kaplan's associates, but now on my own, free and flying Joined: 19 Feb 2007 Posts: 3623 Location: India WE: Education (Education) Followers: 684 Kudos [?]: 5340 [0], given: 321 Re: Central Markland College [#permalink] ### Show Tags 30 Nov 2010, 07:45 The catch in E is that the per capita revenue remaining the same. Even If the absolute number of non- Marklanders increases, despite the percentage coming down, (which is possible) the per capita revenue will not rise. This is because, for every higher contribution by the non- Marklanders, there is a much more increase in the number of the Marklanders, who contribute half of their counterparts, thus pulling down the average. The best way is to a make a simulated arithmetic, and one can see that whatever the situation, the per capita revenue will not remain the same in the new permutation, unless there is an actual rise. E is the safest inference _________________ “Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher” – a Japanese proverb. 9884544509 Manager Joined: 17 Sep 2010 Posts: 216 Concentration: General Management, Finance GPA: 3.59 WE: Corporate Finance (Entertainment and Sports) Followers: 3 Kudos [?]: 16 [0], given: 33 Re: Central Markland College [#permalink] ### Show Tags 30 Nov 2010, 15:10 +1 E Manager Joined: 18 Jun 2010 Posts: 148 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 34 [0], given: 2 Re: Central Markland College [#permalink] ### Show Tags 23 Oct 2011, 04:04 +1 for E Manager Joined: 08 Aug 2011 Posts: 203 GPA: 3.5 Followers: 1 Kudos [?]: 13 [0], given: 51 Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any [#permalink] ### Show Tags 12 Jan 2012, 21:57 Good job with explanation Karisma.+1 for you! Manager Joined: 19 Mar 2012 Posts: 128 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 9 [0], given: 270 Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any [#permalink] ### Show Tags 30 Apr 2014, 06:31 Can somebody please explain why is C not right. If the proportion of outsiders has decresed then can't it be inferred that number of outsiders has decreased . Posted from my mobile device Veritas Prep GMAT Instructor Joined: 16 Oct 2010 Posts: 7059 Location: Pune, India Followers: 2081 Kudos [?]: 13236 [1] , given: 221 Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any [#permalink] ### Show Tags 30 Apr 2014, 22:46 1 This post received KUDOS Expert's post 1 This post was BOOKMARKED 282552 wrote: Can somebody please explain why is C not right. If the proportion of outsiders has decresed then can't it be inferred that number of outsiders has decreased . Posted from my mobile device A decrease in proportion does not imply a decrease in numbers. Say there used to be 100 students - 70 outsiders (70%) and 30 Marklanders (30%) Say now there are 500 students - 200 outsiders (40%) and 300 Marklanders (60%) So though the proportion of outsiders has decreased from 70% to 40%, their number has actually increased (from 70 to 200) because total number of students has increased. Since we know nothing about the number of students, we cannot say what happened to the actual number of outsiders in the last 10 years. _________________ Karishma Veritas Prep | GMAT Instructor My Blog Get started with Veritas Prep GMAT On Demand for$199

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04 May 2014, 01:15
I still don't understand why the answer is E. What if the actual number of non-Markland students increase? According to CR Bible, decreasing porportion does not necessarily imply decreasing numbers.

This is a "MUST" question, so should not be tricky by "implying Number and %".
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20 Sep 2014, 14:05
Good practice for those who aim for 700+!
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26 Oct 2015, 12:29
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Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any [#permalink]

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27 Oct 2015, 03:50
I still don't understand why the answer is E. What if the actual number of non-Markland students increase? According to CR Bible, decreasing porportion does not necessarily imply decreasing numbers.

Nice try, but...

E is correct due to the following logic:

"If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years."

The fact is that the college's per capita revenue from tuition only remained the same. Nobody can dispute that. Now imagine this example (someone already had the same idea above): there are 100k students enrolled. First, 66k were paying let say 10k for tuition. The other third was paying 5k. From this we can get the average (per capita) tuition/revenue. Now if the number of first students from the first group dropped to 40k, 40k people would now be paying 10k tuition (in old terms) and 60k people would be paying 5k tuition (also in old terms). Consequently, the total revenue from tuition would drop significantly, hence also the average tuition.
Now E) states, as already mentioned, that the revenue hasn't changed, thus the tuition per capita HAD to increase.

It is true that the total number of students might have increased and therefore the total revenue might have increased as well, but this is irrelevant as the argument is relying on the average numbers, not the absolute numbers.

Btw, I chose answer C and while I was writing this post I realised my mistake - proportions vs. absolute. Funny

Hope this helps.
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Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any [#permalink]

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27 Oct 2015, 08:18
noboru wrote:
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.

This one has really been a sitter for me ( And trust me the more challenging the game becomes the better it feels)

noboru wrote:
Students from outside the province of Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College

Situation 10 Yrs ago -

Total students = 60
Non Markland = 40 ( Considering 2/3rd)
Markland = 20

noboru wrote:
who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland

Let the tution fees 10 years ago be as follows -

Non Markland = 20
Non Markland = 10

Total tution fees collected by Central Markland College was -

(20*40) + (10*20) = 1000

Per Capita Revenue is 1000/60 =>16.67

noboru wrote:
Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.

Situation 10 Yrs ago -

Total students = 60
Non Markland = 16 ( 40% )
Markland = 44

Considering tution fees and No of students remaining the same

Tution fees now -

Non Markland = 20
Markland = 10

Total tution fees collected by Central Markland College was -

(20*16) + (10*34) = 660

Per Capita Revenue is 660/60 =>11.00

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years.

We can not infer anything about the standard of education because nothing has been explicitly mentioned in the stimulus.

(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment.

We can not infer anything about the standard of education because nothing has been explicitly mentioned in the stimulus.

(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased.

This might seem a probable answer choice but be very very careful this statement talks about " the number of students " and the passage keeps on mentioning Percentage - Increase/Decrease in %gae doesn't mean a corresponding increase/Decrease in number.

(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.

We can not infer anything about the standard of education.

(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.

This sounds very interesting , lets check.

Per Capita Revenue 10 years ago was 1000/60 =>16.67
Per Capita Revenue now is is 660/60 =>11.00

Now to keep per capita revenue same we must have to increase the tution fees to 1000 now , this will defintely mean a increase in Per capita tution fees.

Hence IMHO (E)
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Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any [#permalink]

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28 Oct 2015, 10:25
Hi,

Brilliant question.

The answer choices B and C are trap. One can arrive at those options by making certain out of argument assumptions. So they are clearly not the choices.

E is more of a mental math choice.

Regards

Sai Kiran
Re: Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any   [#permalink] 28 Oct 2015, 10:25

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