The increased popularity and availability of televisions has led to the decline of regional dialects, language variations which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated by geographic isolation.
(A) which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(B) that originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(C) originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(D) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(E) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuating



Please explain how is originating and perpetuated parallel in form ??
I have been breaking my head for quite sometime ... guess i am missing something important here.
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Shikhar

Hi Shikhar,

No need to break your head

(A) which originate (Simple past) from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated (past participle) -- not parallel
(B) that originated ("that" makes originated in simple past) from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated (past participle) -- not parallel
(C) originated (simple past) from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated (past participle) -- not parallel
(D) originating (present participle) from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated (Past participle) -- parallel construction and the correct answer choice
(E) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuating ("Perpetuating by" construction is awkward and distorts the meaning)

Please explain how is originating and perpetuated parallel in form ??
I have been breaking my head for quite sometime ... guess i am missing something important here.

The correct answer choice is (D) because it makes the sentence parallel. The rule that is followed here is

-- The participles in the both the structures should be parallel; they may or may not be in the same tense

In (D) present participle originating parallels the past participle perpetuated <--- this is what grammar says

You must be confused seeing one in present and one in past. We have to understand the meaning of the original sentence to determine the tense.

The language variations are perpetuated by geographical isolation (Isolation did not take place in the present so perpetuating is incorrect; moreover perpetuating makes the construction awkward); however these variations are still originating "from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages"

OG12 question No. 42 tests a similar parallel structure, analyze this question and try to thoroughly understand the solution.

Use 1000 series with caution. Majority of the questions have no issue, but the incorrect ones may waste a lot of your time and could even confuse you. Moreover there is no reliable source of explanations for these questions.

Hope it helps

Vercules
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I did not understand.
C looks more parallel than D.
How can present particle and past particle be parallel and in C why originated is simple past ?