The proper term for the Northern Lights, aurora borealis,

The proper term for the Northern Lights, aurora borealis, most likely is caused by collisions between air molecules and charged particles from the sun that were trapped in the Van Allen radiation belt.


The proper term [strike]for the Northern Lights, aurora borealis,[/strike] most likely is caused by collisions between - means proper term is caused

Aurora borealis, the proper term used for the Northern Lights, is most likely caused by collisions between

Aurora borealis is the proper term for the Northern Lights, which is most likely caused by a collision among - collision between X and Y

The Northern Lights, more properly termed aurora borealis, are most likely caused by collision among- collision between X and Y

More properly, the term the Northern Lights, aurora borealis is most likely caused by collisions among - collision between X and Y
Think the correct answer is - B.
Aurora borealis / northern lights ( a phenomenon )is a singular noun - in option B "is" is used correctly.
The choices are awkward, but what the sentence actually mean is : Aurora borealis is the scientific / proper term used to define a natural phenomenon, northern lights .
I hope this helps.

Northern Lights is a proper noun. Had it been northern lights, it would have been plural.
While stating the proper term for something, that structure is exactly the one that is followed.

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