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This passage is from the OG (pg ~300). Homeostasis, an [#permalink]
16 Dec 2004, 17:22
This passage is from the OG (pg ~300).
Homeostasis, an animal’s maintenance of certain internal variables within an acceptable range, particularly in extreme physical environments, has long interested biologists. The desert rat and the camel in the most water-deprived environments, and marine vertebrates in an all-water environment, encounter the same regulatory problem: maintaining adequate internal fluid balance.
For desert rats and camels, the problem is conservation of water in an environment where standing water is nonexistent, temperature is high, and humidity is low. Despite these handicaps, desert rats are able to maintain the osmotic pressure of their blood, as well as their total boy-water content, at approximately the same levels as other rats. One countermeasure is behavioral: these rats stay in burrows during the hot part of the day, thus avoiding loss of fluid through panting or sweating,
which are regulatory mechanisms for maintaining internal body temperature by evaporative cooling. Also, desert rats’ kidneys can excrete a urine having twice as high a salt content as sea
water.
Marine vertebrates experience difficulty with their water balance because though there is no shortage of seawater to drink, they must drink a lot of it to maintain their internal fluid balance. But the excess salts from the seawater must be discharged somehow, and the kidneys of most
marine vertebrates are unable to excrete a urine in which the salts are more concentrated than in seawater. Most of these animals have special salt-secreting organs outside the kidney that enable them to eliminate excess salt.
262. According to the passage, the camel maintains internal fluid balance in which of the
following ways?
I. By behavioral avoidance of exposure to conditions that lead to fluid loss
II. By an ability to tolearte high body temperatures
III. By reliance on stored internal fluid supplies
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
OA is (B) However, according to the text, there is nowhere it talked about camel like that. This copy of the text is from the OG PDF file that I found online. Can soneone check with your OG to see if it is missing something?
264. It can be inferred from the passage that the author characterizes the camel’s kidney as
"entirely unexceptional" (line 24) primarily to emphasize that it
(A) functions much as the kidney of a rat functions
(B) does not aid the camel in coping with the exceptional water loss resulting from the extreme
conditions of its environment
(C) does not enbale the camel to excrete as much salt as do the kidneys of marine vertebrates
(D) is similar in structure to the kidneys of most mammals living in water-deprived
environments
(E) requires the help of other organs in eliminating excess salt
I see "entirely unexceptional" nowhere in the text. Can someone help me out if stuffs are missing actually? Or I am blind.
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Senior Manager
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Hi
In the OG, the 3rd para talks about camels. This para is missing in ur text.
'Camels, on the other hand, rely more on simple endurance. They cannot store water, and their reliance on an entirely unexceptional kidney results in a rate of water loss through renal function significantly higher than that of desert rats. As a result, Camels must must tolerate losses in body water of up to thirty percent of their body weight. Neverthelss, camels do rely on a special mechanism to keep water loss within a tolerable range: by sweating and panting only only when their body temperature exceeds that which would kill a human, they conserve internal water'
This entire para is missing. Those PDFs are not complete.
I hope this helps.
_________________
Giving another SHOT
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Someone? please.....
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Director
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OK, that is all I want to find out. Just wanna make sure I am not an extreme idiot that can't even find the text. thanks.
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