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# Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl

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Director
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Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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05 Aug 2012, 04:32
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42% (03:04) correct 58% (01:51) wrong based on 221 sessions

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Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$
[Reveal] Spoiler: OA

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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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05 Aug 2012, 05:08
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EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Notice that we need a girl to be to the left of her sibling, but not necessarily right to the left of him (meaning that if B and G are siblings, then GB arrangement as well as for example G*B arrangement is possible).

Now, the probability that one particular sibling is seated that way is 1/2 (a girl can be either to the left of her sibling or to the right), the probability that two siblings are seated that way is 1/2*1/2 and the probability that all three siblings are seated that way is 1/2*1/2*1/2=1/8.

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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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05 Aug 2012, 05:35
Bunuel wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Notice that we need a girl to be to the left of her sibling, but not necessarily right to the left of him (meaning that if B and G are siblings, then GB arrangement as well as for example G*B arrangement is possible).

Now, the probability that one particular sibling is seated that way is 1/2 (a girl can be either to the left of her sibling or to the right), the probability that two siblings are seated that way is 1/2*1/2 and the probability that all three siblings are seated that way is 1/2*1/2*1/2=1/8.

By far the fastest and most elegant solution!

Those who want to play with combinatorics are invited to provide an alternate solution.
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Director
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Kudos [?]: 770 [3] , given: 43

Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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06 Aug 2012, 00:23
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EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Here is a solution using combinatorics:

Place the first pair of siblings - we have 6 possibilities for one of them, and 5 for the other one; this gives 6*5, but we have to divide by 2, as only in half of them, the girls will sit on the left of her brother. So, 6*5/2=15 possibilities.
To place the second pair of siblings - similarly, we have 4*3/2=6 possibilities.
Finally, for the last and third pair - 2*1/2 = 1 possibility.

Therefore, the requested probability is 15*6/6!= 3*5*6/(2*3*4*5*6)=1/(2*4) = 1/8.

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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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06 Aug 2012, 22:45
Thanks Bunuel, you once again showed that in GMAT in most cases it is more logical thinking than doing quants. I have tried this one with different approaches but still could not come up with solution, but after your explanation it seems so easy and i wonder how i could not come up myself.

Thanks!!!
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If you found my post useful and/or interesting - you are welcome to give kudos!

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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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07 Nov 2012, 03:51
EvaJager wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Therefore, the requested probability is 15*6/6!= 3*5*6/(2*3*4*5*6)=1/(2*4) = 1/8.

Aren't there only 5! total arrangements around a table for 6 people?
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Kudos [?]: 70418 [1] , given: 9844

Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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07 Nov 2012, 05:27
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Expert's post
BN1989 wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Therefore, the requested probability is 15*6/6!= 3*5*6/(2*3*4*5*6)=1/(2*4) = 1/8.

Aren't there only 5! total arrangements around a table for 6 people?

We are not told that these 6 are seated around a table, so we don't have circular arrangement. The question implies that they are seated like in a row.
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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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08 Nov 2012, 11:06
EvaJager wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Here is a solution using combinatorics:

Place the first pair of siblings - we have 6 possibilities for one of them, and 5 for the other one; this gives 6*5, but we have to divide by 2, as only in half of them, the girls will sit on the left of her brother. So, 6*5/2=15 possibilities.
To place the second pair of siblings - similarly, we have 4*3/2=6 possibilities.
Finally, for the last and third pair - 2*1/2 = 1 possibility.

Therefore, the requested probability is 15*6/6!= 3*5*6/(2*3*4*5*6)=1/(2*4) = 1/8.

Hi, couldnt understand why to devide by 6! ??
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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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12 Feb 2014, 04:09
Bunuel wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Notice that we need a girl to be to the left of her sibling, but not necessarily right to the left of him (meaning that if B and G are siblings, then GB arrangement as well as for example G*B arrangement is possible).

Now, the probability that one particular sibling is seated that way is 1/2 (a girl can be either to the left of her sibling or to the right), the probability that two siblings are seated that way is 1/2*1/2 and the probability that all three siblings are seated that way is 1/2*1/2*1/2=1/8.

Hi Bunuel,

first sibling can be seated in 1/2 ways. but how do we come about the second sibling probability of 1/2 ? I am bit confused here, can you explain please ?

thanks
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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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29 Jun 2014, 07:43
Why is there a division by 6!?
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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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05 Aug 2015, 04:21
EvaJager wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Here is a solution using combinatorics:

Place the first pair of siblings - we have 6 possibilities for one of them, and 5 for the other one; this gives 6*5
, but we have to divide by 2, as only in half of them, the girls will sit on the left of her brother. So, 6*5/2=15 possibilities.
To place the second pair of siblings - similarly, we have 4*3/2=6 possibilities.
Finally, for the last and third pair - 2*1/2 = 1 possibility.

Therefore, the requested probability is 15*6/6!= 3*5*6/(2*3*4*5*6)=1/(2*4) = 1/8.

Hi Eva I dont get eather of the solution , by Bunual or by you, please explain Place the first pair of siblings - we have 6 possibilities for one of them, and 5 for the other one; this gives 6*5
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Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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05 Aug 2015, 05:07
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Expert's post
vipulgoel wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
EvaJager wrote:
Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl and one boy, are randomly seated at a table. What is the probability that all three girls are seated on the left of their boy siblings?

$$(A) \, \frac{1}{2}$$
$$(B) \, \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(C) \, \frac{1}{6}$$
$$(D) \, \frac{1}{8}$$
$$(E) \, \frac{1}{16}$$

Here is a solution using combinatorics:

Place the first pair of siblings - we have 6 possibilities for one of them, and 5 for the other one; this gives 6*5
, but we have to divide by 2, as only in half of them, the girls will sit on the left of her brother. So, 6*5/2=15 possibilities.
To place the second pair of siblings - similarly, we have 4*3/2=6 possibilities.
Finally, for the last and third pair - 2*1/2 = 1 possibility.

Therefore, the requested probability is 15*6/6!= 3*5*6/(2*3*4*5*6)=1/(2*4) = 1/8.

Hi Eva I dont get eather of the solution , by Bunual or by you, please explain Place the first pair of siblings - we have 6 possibilities for one of them, and 5 for the other one; this gives 6*5

Let the siblings be : in the order
Girl Boy
A B
C D
E F

Let the arrangement be _ _ _ _ _ _

So if you place lets say A on the first dash (=6 ways you can place A), you only have 5 places to let B go to. Thus you get 6*5. Eva has divided this and other possible arrangements by 2 to account for the fact 50% of the combinations will have AB_ _ _ _ while 50% will be BA_ _ _ _ . Only cases with AB_ _ _ _ type of combinations are allowed. We can safley assume 50% for either cases as there is no case for a 'bias' in these arrangements.

Bunuel has done the same , albeit in a slightly different manner. Probability of any girl sibling sitting to the right of the boy sibling = 50% or 1/2 (same as above)

Final probability = probability of 1st sibling girl to the left of the boy sibling * probability of 2nd sibling girl to the left of the boy sibling *probability of 3rd sibling girl to the left of the boy sibling = 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/8

Probability can be calculated in 2 ways:

Probability = total favorable cases / total cases (which is what Eva has done) or

Probability = probability of case 1* probability of case 2*probability of case 3 etc .... (which is what Bunuel has done).

You can choose whichever method suits you.
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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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05 Aug 2015, 05:27
Thanks Now I got it.little more help, where i am wrong in this ...

Let the siblings be : in the order
Girl Boy
A B
C D
E F

Only three cases are available

ABCDEF ....(3!) no of ways three siblings can be arranges like CDABEF(one of the case out of 6) = 6
+
ACEBDF ...3! *3! ( no of ways ACE and BDF can be arranged them self) = 36
+
ABCEDF OR CDAEBF OR EFACBD ( no of ways ne sibling comes extrem left , then remaining two girls then remaining two boys)

3c1(ne subling out of three) *2! (ways two girls arranged among themself ) * 2! (ways 2 boys arranged among themself ) =24

36+24+6/6!
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Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl [#permalink]

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06 Aug 2015, 05:51
Hi Bunuel,

Please let me know if my approach to the problem is correct. I have seen your other solutions where we multiply by 1/2 whenever we have a condition of sitting/ standing only on left or right.

6!*1/8 ==> 90 (favourable outcome) /6! ==> 90/720 ==> 1/8.

So instead of multiplying 1/2 for each pair, i took (1/2)^3, 3 is the number of pairs. I want to know if this approach is correct in case i have to apply to similar questions.
Re: Three pairs of siblings, each pair consisting of one girl   [#permalink] 06 Aug 2015, 05:51
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