teaserbae wrote:
AjiteshArun , GMATNinja ,
egmat , mikemcgarry , daagh , sayantanc2k , and other experts
I request you to enllighten how E is parallel ?
Many gnatclubers have the same doubt
teaserbae ill try
While many argue that we must reduce our dependence on fossil fuels by spreading greater awareness about conservation and waste, others by proposing switching to renewable sources of energy to maintain current levels, and still others by contending that nuclear power is the best way to meet our energy needs.
- meaning : WHILE (indication that following clause will be contrasted) many argue....(so author is going contrast this group's argument...
"other by proposing" ...here contrast is not clear and ungrammatical ...this is false parallelism ...it should be "other propose" as we need a cpontrast
"and other by contending" ..so here is one more contrast to the"many argue" ...but again we have a false parallelism..we need a verb (contend/are contending)
grammar error : we need a verb to contrast a verb ..so "by proposing"is wrong ..therefore A and B are gone
(C) propose a switch to renewable sources of energy for maintaining current levels, and still others contend
- maintains parallelism
- clean and clear
-BUT BUT BUT the structure "for maintaining"is wrong here...
I'll elaborate on this more : "to + verb " is used to show the purpose of the preceding element
here other are proposing a switch to renewable sources ! why are they proposing this??? what is the purpose??? - TO MAINTAIN current levels
"for + verbing" is used when we are denoting ownership or what we obtained from doing something. for eg: I recieved an award FOR devoting my life to philanthropy. ... " I thank the Gods FOR blessing me with such friends" ..here you cannot use "to +verb" because you are not getting something because of thanking to the gods ...you already got the firnds and then you are thanking..similarly I am recieving an award after i did philanthropy not because i am goung to recive an award I will do philanthropy..
Short story :
"to +verb" : use this to show a purpose for doing something ...you are doing it for a reason .
"for+ verbing" : the structure AFTER "for verbing" is the actual thing you did BEFORE . That is the structure after "for verb" is done before the structure before the "verbing"
here if we use "for maintaining" what we mean is we first maintain and then we propose a shift.
(D) propose a switch to renewable sources of energy to maintain current levels, and still others by contending
-Not parallel
(E) propose switching to renewable sources of energy to maintain current levels, and still others are contending
- This may seem unparallel but there is no such compulsion that all the verb must be in the EXACT same state . As long as the event are still in PRESENT it is okay... "are contending" is present continuos and "propose" is present. We could easil;y mean that others propose and other are contending...
the main point here is "to+verb" this tells us the reason why the action (propose) has to be done ...
The structure after "to vebr"is the later achievement/goal...but the structure before "to verb" is something we have to do first
this is exactly opposite to "for vebring" where the later structure is done first and the former structure is the something you get in return.
If any doubts persist lemme know