Through experimenting designed to provide information that will ultima

1) through or in experiments..
Mice have received X through experiments is wrong , it has to be IN experiments..
2) what should " designed to provide information" modify
It is experiments and NOT experimentation or experimenting

E

Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that as a part of experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene.

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Tenses + Verb Forms + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• The simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future.
• The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.

A: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "Through experimenting"; the use of "Through" incorrectly implies that by using experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene; the intended meaning is that as a part of experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene. Further, Option A uses the needlessly indirect term "experimenting", leading to awkwardness.

B: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "Through experiments; the use of "Through" incorrectly implies that by using experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene; the intended meaning is that as a part of experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene. Further, Option B incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "proving" in this sentence) construction "ultimately proving" to refer to an action that will take place in the future; remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future.

C: This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb "proves" to refer to an action that will take place in the future; remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature. Further, Option C uses the needlessly indirect term "experimentation", leading to awkwardness.

D: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "proving" in this sentence) construction "ultimately proving" to refer to an action that will take place in the future; remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future. Further, Option D uses the needlessly indirect term "experimenting", leading to awkwardness.

E: This answer choice uses the phrase "In experiments", conveying the intended meaning - that as a part of experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene. Further, Option E correctly uses the simple future tense verb "will prove" to refer to an action that will take place in the future. Additionally, Option E is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

Hence, C is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



All the best!
Experts' Global Team

[quote="Bunuel"]Through experimenting designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene.

(A) Through experimenting designed to provide information that will ultimately prove Incorrect

(B) Through experiments designed to provide information ultimately proving - "will prove" conveys proper meaning

(C) In experimentation designed to provide information that ultimately proves - "will prove" conveys proper meaning

(D) In experimenting designed to provide information ultimately proving. - "will prove" conveys proper meaning

(E) In experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove. CORRECT USE.

IMO E

generis workout pikolo2510 VeritasKarishma GMATNinja EMPOWERgmatVerbal

Can you please assist me in understanding verb tenses: will prove and have received in context of the sentence
w.r.t (B/E)



(A) Through experimenting designed to provide information that will ultimately prove

(B) Through experiments designed to provide information ultimately proving

(E) In experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove

A is clearly wrong since we have incorrect verb-ing experimenting instead of noun - experiments
and the former cannot act as subject

Presenting my understanding:
There were some experiments conducted which were designed to provide some information.
This information will ultimately prove (simple future tense) to be useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases.
Through the above experiments, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene.
That refers back to bone marrow transplants and is correct.

The first part of the sentence is a dependent clause with start of the clause with - Through



designed is a verb-ed modifier modifying experiment.
That refers back to information

Next independent clause follows:


Overall I could not connect two clauses in the sentence and understand the intended meaning.
Furhtermore, the dependent clause has simple future tense - will prove. How does this connect with
present perfect tense - have received (an action started in past, whose effect is ongoing or still felt)?

Let me know your thoughts.

choice a
through doing is used to show how subject , mice, do something. I learn through reading books. inhere, mice dose not experiment and mice dose not receive by experimenting. both points are not logic. through doing is used to show the action by which the main verb is done.

choice B.
though+noun is used to show a physical subject through which something is done. the signal run through the cable. through +noun can be used with a verb of moving. I swim /go through the watter. both cases are not logic inhere.

choice D
in experimenting grammatically suggests that mice experiment. this is not logic.

choice C

if we say "in experimentation" or "in experimenting', there are 2 point here

the meaning seems that we do only one experiment. this is not logical. we do many experiments. this is logical

second thing is that. "in experimentation/experimenting' suggest , mices have receive marrow at a point of time in the period of experimentation. this is not logical. the receiving marrow is content of the experiments and occupy the all period of experiments.

3rd point
simple present "prove" is wrong in choice C. simple present is used to show an event which exist at a point of time of speaking or exist before , in and after moment of speaking. if we use "prove " in choice C, "prove " exist at the time of "have received". this is not logical. "will prove" is correct . "will prove" should happen after "have received".

if we see a difference in tense between 2 choice, ask ourself whether 2 action happen simultaneously or in sequence. this asking will help us realize tense error.

so, "in experimentation/experimenting" present 3 errors.

honestly, I find it hard to explain this point and in the test room, we can not annalyze this way. just caution if you see split doing/noun, and normally noun is correct if we have no clear reason for using doing

shouldnt in " information that will ultimately prove " modify information and the subject should be proves and not prove ? isnt this the rule , that modifies the noun immediately preceding it ?

generis

gmat8gmat , welcome to GMAT Club.

You are correct. The that clause (that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases) does modify the immediately preceding noun, information.

You are making a very easy mistake.
You have forgotten that the simple future tense always uses WILL + bare infinitive

The infinitive: TO PROVE
The bare infinitive: PROVE

Whether the subject is singular or plural, the simple future tense always says will prove.
I will prove, you will prove, she will prove, he will prove, it will prove, we will prove, they will prove.

In present tense, we would say "I need information that proves XYZ."

But in simple future tense, we would say,
"I need information that will prove XYZ,"
and
"I need records that will prove XYZ."

"Information" is singular whereas "records" is plural, but both take "will prove."

E) In experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene.

Easy mistake. Hope that helps.

Hi,
I got all the concepts that are discussed here, but from the first glance I haven't able to understand the role of the word "designed".
What actually it is? It totally distracted me.

Pls help.

The word "designed" functions as an adjective here -- specifically, it's an -ed modifier that modifies "experiments":

• What kind of experiments are we talking about? Experiments that were planned/created (designed) to provide information.
• What kind of information? Information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases.

I hope that helps!

Through experimenting designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases, mice have received bone marrow transplants that give them a new gene.

(A) Through experimenting designed to provide information that will ultimately prove

(B) Through experiments designed to provide information ultimately proving

(C) In experimentation designed to provide information that ultimately proves

(D) In experimenting designed to provide information ultimately proving

(E) In experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove

First thing: "will ultimately prove", this is future time. This auxiliary is mandatory because we are speaking about an experiment that is going to prove something in the future. With this, we can eliminate B, C, and D.

Between A and E, the first thing to keep in mind is that the mice have received transplants "in" experiments, not "through" experiments because the experiments are processes, not channels. So only E can be the answer.

Hello, could anybody please explain the subject verb agreement in (e)
(E) In experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove

is information that proves?
or experiments that prove?

Thank you in advance,

There is no grammatical rule here; only the intended meaning will come to your rescue here.

To me, it is very clear that experiments are designed to provide information; this information will ultimately prove useful in the treatment of hereditary diseases.

Hence, that modifies information.

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses modifier issues of "that", their application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.

Can we eliminate options B and D because of the use of "ultimately" ? As "ultimately" is adverb and "proving" is used as "verb-ing" in the both options.
Can any expert comment on this. Thanks!
GMATNinja generis EducationAisle

Well, present participles (-ing forms of the verb) are "adjectives" and adverbs (such as "ultimately") can modify adjectives; remember adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

GMATNinja, I have gone through all the explanations, but I still can't understand the difference between B and E. The issue is I don't understand how 'in experiments' is better than 'through experiments'.

Could you please share how the two options differ in meaning?

Thank you!

GMATNinja I understood the distinction between why B is incorrect and D is correct based on your explanation. But I am facing major issues in catching up the incorrect use of tenses through evaluating and understanding the meaning of the sentence. It gets hard to solve it wtihin 2.5 minutes and a question like this involving confused tenses makes me all nervous at which point I lose my focus. What strategies can I use to be comfortable and calm when dealing with issues of 'tenses' in SCquestion and how can I get better at it?

My first thought is that you might be hyper-focusing on verb tenses, at the expense of other important issues.

This video on verb tenses might help a bit. The theme is that you shouldn't overthink verb tenses, and I wonder if you're doing exactly that right now.

This video on how to set your priorities on SC might help a bit, too. Again, your goal is always to pick the low-hanging fruit first, and it's possible that you're not really doing that. If you start obsessing over verb tense and/or meaning issues, you might be better off looking for other ways to eliminate answer choices first. You can always come back to the verb tenses if you can't find anything else.

It also sounds like you might be struggling with anxiety, and that's a completely separate animal. Maybe check out this article on GMAT test anxiety as a starting point?

I hope that helps a bit!