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# What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ?

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What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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24 Aug 2010, 01:35
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What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ?

А. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
[Reveal] Spoiler: OA

Last edited by Financier on 15 Sep 2010, 05:57, edited 1 time in total.
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24 Aug 2010, 06:31
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Financier wrote:
What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ?

А 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E 5

I think this question is beyond the GMAT scope. It can be solved with Fermat's little theorem, which is not tested on GMAT. Or another way:

$$(18^{22})^{10}=18^{220}=(14+4)^{220}$$ now if we expand this all terms but the last one will have 14 as multiple and thus will be divisible by 7. The last term will be $$4^{220}$$. So we should find the remainder when $$4^{220}$$ is divided by 7.

$$4^{220}=2^{440}$$.

2^1 divided by 7 yields remainder of 2;
2^2 divided by 7 yields remainder of 4;
2^3 divided by 7 yields remainder of 1;

2^4 divided by 7 yields remainder of 2;
2^5 divided by 7 yields remainder of 4;
2^6 divided by 7 yields remainder of 1;
...

So the remainder repeats the pattern of 3: 2-4-1. So the remainder of $$2^{440}$$ divided by 7 would be the same as $$2^2$$ divided by 7 (440=146*3+2). $$2^2$$ divided by 7 yields remainder of 4.

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24 Aug 2010, 07:22
Bunuel what is wrong with the approach below-
18^220 = 2^220 3^440
this product will have last digit 6... Can't we use cyclisity or some other approach to solve? On the face of it it looks like a GMAT type problem...

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15 Oct 2010, 08:17
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my ans is D..
18^220 /7 =2^440 /7 = (2^3)^146 * 4 /7 = 4 rem.
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17 Oct 2010, 18:32
I had done the way Bunnel did but used powers of 4. Got D.
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02 Jun 2013, 02:10
sudhanshushankerjha wrote:
my ans is D..
18^220 /7 =2^440 /7 = (2^3)^146 * 4 /7 = 4 rem.

Hi Bunnel,
Is the above solution correct?
I didnt get it.
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02 Jun 2013, 02:40
cumulonimbus wrote:
sudhanshushankerjha wrote:
my ans is D..
18^220 /7 =2^440 /7 = (2^3)^146 * 4 /7 = 4 rem.

Hi Bunnel,
Is the above solution correct?
I didnt get it.

18^220
=2^220 (3^2)^220
={(2^3)^73 * 2^1} {(3^3)^146 * 3^2}
=2*9
=18
which leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by 7
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08 Jun 2013, 09:23
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Bunuel wrote:
Financier wrote:
What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ?

А 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E 5

I think this question is beyond the GMAT scope. It can be solved with Fermat's little theorem, which is not tested on GMAT. Or another way:

$$(18^{22})^{10}=18^{220}=(14+4)^{220}$$ now if we expand this all terms but the last one will have 14 as multiple and thus will be divisible by 7. The last term will be $$4^{220}$$. So we should find the remainder when $$4^{220}$$ is divided by 7.

$$4^{220}=2^{440}$$.

2^1 divided by 7 yields remainder of 2;
2^2 divided by 7 yields remainder of 4;
2^3 divided by 7 yields remainder of 1;

2^4 divided by 7 yields remainder of 2;
2^5 divided by 7 yields remainder of 4;
2^6 divided by 7 yields remainder of 1;
...

So the remainder repeats the pattern of 3: 2-4-1. So the remainder of $$2^{440}$$ divided by 7 would be the same as $$2^2$$ divided by 7 (440=146*3+2). $$2^2$$ divided by 7 yields remainder of 4.

Hi Karishma/Bunnel,

Can you point out the mistake here:
R(2^440)/7:

2^440 = 2*2^339 = 2*8^113=2*(7+1)^113=2*(7*I+1^113), here I is an integer.

R(2*(7*I+1^113))/7 = R(2*7*I+2)/7 = R(2/7) = 2
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09 Jun 2013, 22:24
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cumulonimbus wrote:
Can you point out the mistake here:
R(2^440)/7:

2^440 = 2*2^339 = 2*8^113=2*(7+1)^113=2*(7*I+1^113), here I is an integer.

R(2*(7*I+1^113))/7 = R(2*7*I+2)/7 = R(2/7) = 2

There's your mistake. If you take a 2 separately, you are left with 439 2s and not 339 2s.

$$2^{440} = 4*2^{438} = 4*8^{146} = 4*(7 + 1)^{146}$$

When you divide it by 7, remainder is 4.
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Get started with Veritas Prep GMAT On Demand for $199 Veritas Prep Reviews Senior Manager Joined: 17 Dec 2012 Posts: 447 Location: India Followers: 26 Kudos [?]: 396 [1] , given: 14 Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 10 Jun 2013, 03:50 1 This post received KUDOS Financier wrote: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? А. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 ^ 1.(18)^220 = (((18) ^4)^5)^11 2. When 18 is divided by 7 the remainder is 4 3. Now 4^4 is 256. when divided by 7, the remainder is 4 4. Since the remainder is again 4, compute 4^5 = 1024. when divided by 7, the remainder is 2 5. Since 2 is the remainder, now we compute 2^11 = 2048. When divided by 7, the remainder is 4. This is the answer. The answer is choice D. _________________ Srinivasan Vaidyaraman Sravna http://www.sravnatestprep.com Classroom and Online Coaching Intern Joined: 21 Mar 2013 Posts: 43 GMAT Date: 03-20-2014 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 110 [0], given: 56 Re: Remainder [#permalink] ### Show Tags 03 Feb 2014, 21:40 VeritasPrepKarishma wrote: cumulonimbus wrote: Can you point out the mistake here: R(2^440)/7: 2^440 = 2*2^339 = 2*8^113=2*(7+1)^113=2*(7*I+1^113), here I is an integer. R(2*(7*I+1^113))/7 = R(2*7*I+2)/7 = R(2/7) = 2 There's your mistake. If you take a 2 separately, you are left with 439 2s and not 339 2s. $$2^{440} = 4*2^{438} = 4*8^{146} = 4*(7 + 1)^{146}$$ When you divide it by 7, remainder is 4. How can you say that remainder is 4? Veritas Prep GMAT Instructor Joined: 16 Oct 2010 Posts: 7125 Location: Pune, India Followers: 2137 Kudos [?]: 13674 [3] , given: 222 Re: Remainder [#permalink] ### Show Tags 03 Feb 2014, 21:51 3 This post received KUDOS Expert's post idinuv wrote: VeritasPrepKarishma wrote: cumulonimbus wrote: Can you point out the mistake here: R(2^440)/7: 2^440 = 2*2^339 = 2*8^113=2*(7+1)^113=2*(7*I+1^113), here I is an integer. R(2*(7*I+1^113))/7 = R(2*7*I+2)/7 = R(2/7) = 2 There's your mistake. If you take a 2 separately, you are left with 439 2s and not 339 2s. $$2^{440} = 4*2^{438} = 4*8^{146} = 4*(7 + 1)^{146}$$ When you divide it by 7, remainder is 4. How can you say that remainder is 4? Using Binomial, we can say that when we divide $$(7 + 1)^{146}$$ by 7, the remainder will be 1. If this is not clear, check: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... ek-in-you/ When we expand $$(7 + 1)^{146}$$, we get lots of terms such that $$7^{146}$$ is the first term and 1 is the last term. If you multiply $$(7 + 1)^{146}$$ by 4, you get the same terms except each is multiplied by 4 so the first term is $$4*7^{146}$$ and the last one is 4. Every term will still have a 7 in it except the last term. Since the last term is 4, the remainder will be 4. _________________ Karishma Veritas Prep | GMAT Instructor My Blog Get started with Veritas Prep GMAT On Demand for$199

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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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22 Apr 2014, 18:07
(18^{22})^{10}=18^{220}=(7+11)^{220}. If we expand this equation all terms will be divisible by 7 except the last one.

The last one will be 11^{220}. So we should find the remainder when 11^{220} is divided by 7.

11^{220}=?

11^1 divided by 7 yields remainder of 4;
11^2 divided by 7 yields remainder of 2;
11^3 divided by 7 yields remainder of 1;
11^4 divided by 7 yields remainder of 4;
Now we have a pattern 4,2,1,4,2,1

Conclusion: the remainder repeats the pattern of 3: 4-2-1. So the remainder of 11^{220} divided by 7 would be the same as 11*1 (that is because 220 is 73*3+1)
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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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17 May 2014, 05:57
Bunuel

(18^22)^10 = 18^220

I remember you quoted that for (xyz)^n, if we are asked to find the remainder, we can find remainder for z^n

so i found remainder for 8^220, and got answer as 1

Where am i going wrong?
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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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17 May 2014, 06:58
gaurav1418z wrote:
Bunuel

(18^22)^10 = 18^220

I remember you quoted that for (xyz)^n, if we are asked to find the remainder, we can find remainder for z^n

so i found remainder for 8^220, and got answer as 1

Where am i going wrong?

Where did I write that? I think that you mean the following part from Number Theory book (math-number-theory-88376.html) saying that the last digit of $$(xyz)^n$$ is the same as that of $$z^n$$. But the last digit of a number does not determine its remainder upon dividing by 7. For example, 8 divided by 7 gives the remainder of 1 while 18 divided by 7 gives the remainder of 4.
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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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17 May 2014, 07:23
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Bunuel wrote:
gaurav1418z wrote:
Bunuel

(18^22)^10 = 18^220

I remember you quoted that for (xyz)^n, if we are asked to find the remainder, we can find remainder for z^n

so i found remainder for 8^220, and got answer as 1

Where am i going wrong?

Where did I write that? I think that you mean the following part from Number Theory booksaying that the last digit of $$(xyz)^n$$ is the same as that of $$z^n$$. But the last digit of a number does not determine its remainder upon dividing by 7. For example, 8 divided by 7 gives the remainder of 1 while 18 divided by 7 gives the remainder of 4.

Another approach to solve such kind of questions is using cyclicity. Lemme try and explain this.

We have (18^22)^10 = 18^220

Now we try to see what are the remainders for various powers of 18 when it is divided by 7

18^1 leaves 4 as remainder
18^2 leaves 2 as remainder
18^3 leaves 1 as remainder
18^4 leaves 4 as remainder

Hence, we see after 3 set of powers, the remainder starts repeating. Now, this means if the power is multiple of 3, the remainder is 1, if the power leaves remainder 1 when divided by 3, the actual answer will be 4, and so forth.

We see, when 220 is divided by 3, we get 1 as remainder, showcasing 18^1 case, hence the final remainder is 4.

This is because 18^220 = 18^219 x 18 = (18^3)^73 x 18

Thus, we need to find the remainder when 18 is divided by 4 as 18^219 gives 1 as remainder.
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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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17 May 2014, 09:27
You are quite right there Bunuel, my bad, apologies. I am clear now, thanks

I will ask another doubt i asked on a different thread(when-51-25-is-divided-by-13-the-remainder-obtained-is-130220-20.html) , to make it convenient for you to reply

How did you get 12 as remainder when -1 is divided by 13, i didnt quite understand how did you substitute quotient and the remainder in the formula below

-1 = 13(-1) + 12
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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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17 May 2014, 22:52
gaurav1418z wrote:
You are quite right there Bunuel, my bad, apologies. I am clear now, thanks
I will ask another doubt i asked on a different thread(when-51-25-is-divided-by-13-the-remainder-obtained-is-130220-20.html) , to make it convenient for you to reply

How did you get 12 as remainder when -1 is divided by 13, i didnt quite understand how did you substitute quotient and the remainder in the formula below

-1 = 13(-1) + 12

Hi there,

Remember that remainder can never be negative so when you get remainder negative as in above case then you add divisor to it

So we have remainder -1+13 =12

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Re: What is the remainder when (18^22)^10 is divided by 7 ? [#permalink]

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18 May 2014, 01:40
Thanks Wounded Tiger, can i take this as a ground rule?
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