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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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I choose "B". However , i understand the above explanation.
Please clarify my question below:
1. How do you generally pick the right conclusion?. Since, the premise talks about the flaws of progressive tax system in many places, should the conclusion should also be related to weakening progressive tax system?.

I thought the author was under the assumption that flat rate will increase government revenues (Also, premise states the flaws in the progressive tax system).

Thanks in Advance
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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D

1) Illogical
2) depends, yes it can but can depend on many other factors
3) May be depends whether the flat tax is higher or lower than present for lower income groups.
4) Correct
5) Illogical
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent years is the flat tax, which would impose a uniform tax rate on incomes at every level.:premise-the pros and cons of flat tax
Opponents of the flat tax say that a progressive tax system, which levies a higher rate of taxes on higher-income taxpayers, is fairer, placing the greater burden on those better able to bear it.
However, the present crazy quilt of tax deductions, exemptions, credits, and loopholes benefits primarily the high-income taxpayer, who is consequently able to reduce his or her effective tax rate, often to a level below that paid by the lower-income taxpayer. note that there is a change in tone here-the word 'however' signifies that what was assummed previously is not really true. hence the conclusion should be somethoing like:'Therefore, things are not as they seem'---which is more or less what (D) says.
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
D it is. Nice question and nice explanations by all. Thanks a ton.
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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Hi all,
Could you explain to me what is wrong with E) ? Isn't the fairness of the flat tax system and progressive tax system actually in question here?
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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I feel option D isn't the best option as well because the stimulus doesnt really tell us whether flat tax system or progressive tax system is the present tax system...we really don't know, we only know that they are both proposals for a tax reform. How can we conclude on the present tax reform then?

I also think the use of 'Any' sounds extreme but since the argument presents a fact that is against the progressive tax system. Option E seems better.

Am I wrong?

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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
nikhil.jones.s wrote:
Hi all,
Could you explain to me what is wrong with E) ? Isn't the fairness of the flat tax system and progressive tax system actually in question here?



I agree E is too close of an answer but it is more of an inference than a conclusion and as the passage ends with a conclusion marker i.e 'therefore', it pretty must suggest that the best way to complete it by choosing the answer choice that is explicit not implicit. Hope that helps!
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
natashatalwani wrote:
nikhil.jones.s wrote:
Hi all,
Could you explain to me what is wrong with E) ? Isn't the fairness of the flat tax system and progressive tax system actually in question here?



I agree E is too close of an answer but it is more of an inference than a conclusion and as the passage ends with a conclusion marker i.e 'therefore', it pretty must suggest that the best way to complete it by choosing the answer choice that is explicit not implicit. Hope that helps!


The reason E is not the right fit is that- MAY be the taxes to be paid by the poor is higher than what they pay at progressive tax payment method. Only thing mentioned that some wealthy people may end up reducing their tax burden, by employing various tactics and finding loopholes in the system.

But here the poor will continue to pay same tax or lower than what they would pay in the flat tax rate system. We don't know about the tax rates in flat tax and progressive tax rates.

It may happen flat tax is 30% for all. And in progressive tax rates poor pay only 10% send wealthy pay 50%. however during this, some wealthy people deduct many expenses and end up paying 9 % and others still pay 30 %. So we don't know from the passage that they are paying less amount as in progressive tax rate, irrespective of the amount wealthy are paying.

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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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Can some one explain the reason to eliminated C !!
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One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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the author is expressing his opinion against progressive tax being not fair because of the loopholes.

so the structure is like : Introducing background about Flat tax - Opponents point of view - Author's point on why opponent's view is flawed. that's all.

He is not saying any pro or con about flat tax system, may be he supports flat tax just because he feels progressive tax is NOT fair.

So, any answer choice that gives information or predictions about flat tax system is not directly supported by the author.

Except D, Every other answer choice talks about flat tax system :)

A - Author is not saying anything about who will support what. He just says progressive has loopholes.
B - Government revenue is out of scope of this argument.
C - This may weaken the argument to some extent but not necessarily the conclusion author would have arrived.
D - Correct , because it talks only about progressive tax.
E - Flat tax may or may not be fairer based on the new tax rate.
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
venkat18 wrote:
Which of the following best completes the passage below?

One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent years is the flat tax, which would impose a uniform tax rate on incomes at every level. Opponents of the flat tax say that a progressive tax system, which levies a higher rate of taxes on higher-income taxpayers, is fairer, placing the greater burden on those better able to bear it. However, the present crazy quilt of tax deductions, exemptions, credits, and loopholes benefits primarily the high-income taxpayer, who is consequently able to reduce his or her effective tax rate, often to a level below that paid by the lower-income taxpayer. Therefore, ______

(A) higher-income taxpayers are likely to lend their support to the flat-tax proposal now being considered by Congress
(B) a flat-tax system that allowed no deductions or exemptions would substantially increase actual government revenues
(C) the lower-income taxpayer might well be penalized by the institution of a flat-tax system in this country
(D) the progressive nature of our present tax system is more illusory than real
(E) the flat tax would actually be fairer to the lower-income taxpayer than any progressive tax system could be


First we'll need to focus on this sentence, "However, the present crazy quilt of tax deductions, exemptions, credits, and loopholes benefits primarily the high-income taxpayer, who is consequently able to reduce his or her effective tax rate, often to a level below that paid by the lower-income taxpayer". The sentence criticizes the loop holes of the current, progressive tax, system currently in place. So we know the answer that continues this logical path will be correct.

A, B, C, and E all bounce back to the flat-tax while the focus should be on the current tax system, which is progressive.

D is correct because it only mentions the present system, which is progressive, and the problems of the loop holes.
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Re: One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent [#permalink]
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