While acknowledging that
there are greater employment
opportunities for Latin Ameri-
Line can women in cities than in the
(5) countryside, social science
theorists have continued to
argue that urban migration
has unequivocally hurt
women’s status. However,
(10) the effects of migration are
more complex than these
theorists presume. For
example, effects can vary
depending on women’s
(15) financial condition and social
class. Brazilian women in the
lowest socioeconomic class
have relatively greater job
opportunities and job security
(20) in cities than do men of the
same class, although there is
no compelling evidence that
for these women the move to
the city is a move out of pov-
(25) erty. Thus, these women
may improve their status in
relation to men but at the
same time may experience
no improvement in their
(30) economic standing.
In addition, working outside
the home, which is more
common in urban than in rural
areas, helps women in the
(35) lowest socioeconomic class
make contacts to extend
exchange networks—the flow
of gifts, loans, or child care
from those who currently
(40) have access to resources
to those who do not. Moreover,
poor women working in
urban areas actively seek to
cultivate long-term employer-
(45) employee relations. When
11
an emergency arises that
requires greater resources
than an exchange network
can provide, these women
(50) often appeal for and receive
aid from their wealthy employers.
However, the structure
of many poor women’s
work—often a labor force
(55) of one in an employer’s
home—makes it difficult for
them to organize to improve
their economic conditions in
general.
(60) Not surprisingly, then,
Latin American women in the
lowest socioeconomic class
differ in their opinions about
the effects of urban migration
(65) on their lives. Some find
urban living, with access to
electricity and running water,
an improvement and would
never return to the country-
(70) side. Others, disliking the
overcrowding and crime,
would return to the countryside
if there were work
opportunities for them there.
(75) Thus, urban life has had both
negative and positive impacts
on women’s lives. In general,
urban migration has not
provided economic pros-
(80) perity or upward mobility for
women in the lowest socioeconomic
class, despite their
intelligent and energetic utilization
of the resources
available to them.
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Q22:
In the first paragraph, the author refers to the experiences of Brazilian women most
probably in order to
12
A. support an earlier assertion made by social science theorists about the effects of
urban migration
B. provide an example of one area in which urban migration has failed to improve
Latin American women’s lives
C. substantiate the claim that the effects of urban migration cannot be easily
characterized
D. illustrate the effect that urban migration has had on the economic status of Latin
American women
E. compare the effect that urban migration has had on the economic status of Latin
American women with its effect on the economic status of Latin American men
Answer:
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Q23:
NOTE: You must scroll to read the answer choices for this question.
Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage?
A. Although Latin American women disagree about the effects urban migration has
had on their lives, they agree that migration has provided them with greater
opportunities for stable employment outside the home.
B. Although urban migration has improved the quality of life for Latin American
women, it has weakened the social support systems that these women enjoyed in
rural communities.
C. The effects that urban migration has had on Latin American women’s lives are
complex and are best evaluated in light of a range of issues concerning Latin
American women’s overall quality of life.
D. The effects of urban migration in Latin America are different for men than they
are for women because of the relatively greater job opportunities and job security
enjoyed by women in urban areas.
E. Urban migration has led to an increasing disparity between the economic
prosperity of Latin American women in the lowest socioeconomic classes and that
of women in the higher socioeconomic classes.
Answer:
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Q24:
The author mentions which of the following as a disadvantage of urban employment for
Latin American women in the lowest socioeconomic group?
A. It is difficult for these women to obtain reliable, long-term employment.
B. It is difficult for these women to organize effectively in order to obtain better
wages.
C. It is difficult for these women to find employers who are supportive when
emergencies arise.
D. The structure of their jobs makes it difficult for these women to participate in
exchange networks.
E. Working in urban areas makes these women more vulnerable to health problems
than they would be in rural areas.
Answer:
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Q25:
The author of the passage would most likely agree that the opinions of the Latin
American women discussed in the third paragraph (lines 60-85) are influenced by the
A. fact that urban life has provided them with greater opportunities for upward
mobility than did rural life
B. relative importance they place on the benefits of urban exchange networks in
comparison to those of rural networks.
C. relative importance they place on the conveniences and drawbacks of urban life in
comparison to those of rural life
D. difference in the effects of urban migration on women of higher and lower
socioeconomic classes
E. difference in the effects of urban migration on men and women of the same social
and economic class
Answer:
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CCBC

OA please

I took about 12 minutes

C
C
B
C

easy going passage.
_________________

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I still dont understand vvhy it is B for s 24