Young Enterprise Services (YES) is a federal program created to encour

Young Enterprise Services (YES) is a federal program created to encourage entrepreneurship in 14- to 18-year-olds who have already shown a clear aptitude for starting business ventures. The program, started in 2002, has provided loans, grants, and counseling—in the form of workshops and individual meetings with established entrepreneurs—to over 7500 young people. The future of YES, however, is now in jeopardy. A number of damaging criticisms have been leveled at the program, and members of the congressional agency that provides the funding have suggested that YES may be scaled down or even dismantled entirely.

One complaint is that the funds that YES distributes have disproportionally gone to young people from economically disadvantaged families, despite the program’s stated goal of being blind to any criteria besides merit. Though no one has claimed that any of the recipients of YES funds have been undeserving, several families have brought lawsuits claiming that their requests for funding were rejected because of the families’ relatively high levels of income. The resulting publicity was an embarrassment to the YES administrators, one of whom resigned.

Another challenge has been the admittedly difficult task of ensuring that a young person, not his or her family, is truly the driving force behind a venture. The rules state that the business plan must be created by the youth, and that any profits in excess of $1,000 be placed in an escrow account that can only be used for education, investment in the venture, and little else, for a period that is determined by the age of the recipient. Despite this, several grants had to be returned after it was discovered that parents—or in one case, a neighbor—were misusing YES funds to promote their own business ideas. To make matters worse, the story of the returned monies was at first denied by a YES spokesperson who then had to retract the denial, leading to more bad press.

In truth, YES has had some real success stories. A 14-year-old girl in Texas used the knowledge and funding she received through the program to connect with a distributor who now carries her line of custom-designed cell phone covers. Two brothers in Alaska have developed an online travel advisory service for young people vacationing with their families. Both of these ventures are profitable, and both companies have gained a striking amount of brand recognition in a very short time. However, YES has been pitifully lax in trumpeting these encouraging stories. Local press notwithstanding, these and other successes have received little media coverage. This is a shame, but one that can be remedied. The administrators of YES should heed the advice given in one of the program’s own publications: “No business venture, whatever its appeal, will succeed for long without an active approach to public relations.”

1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?

(A) “Recent Difficulties in the YES Program”
(B) “Federal Entrepreneurship Programs for Young Adults”
(C) “Successes of the YES Program”
(D) “Common Challenges Facing Federal Programs”
(E) “The YES Program: How to Overcome Recent Challenges”



2. The author of the passage would most likely describe YES as a _______.

(A) failed enterprise that is beyond repair
(B) noble effort that has been hampered by external factors
(C) limited success that can be improved through greater fiscal responsibility
(D) potentially worthy program that has been mismanaged
(E) waste of public resources that should never have received funding



3. All of the following are discussed in the passage except ______.

(A) the resignation of some YES administrators
(B) bad press resulting from financial improprieties
(C) lawsuits against YES
(D) the YES program’s stated goals
(E) current levels of YES funding



4. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.

(A) detail the approach that should be taken in remedying YES’s public relations problems
(B) defend YES from the various criticisms that have been leveled against it
(C) suggest a way to improve the program
(D) detail several criticisms and problems of the YES program
(E) make that case that YES, despite some difficulties, has been quite successful for some people who have taken part in the program