{"id":11353,"date":"2012-05-14T09:00:20","date_gmt":"2012-05-14T16:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/?p=11353"},"modified":"2012-05-04T18:08:02","modified_gmt":"2012-05-05T01:08:02","slug":"gmat-grammar-vital-noun-modifiers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/gmat-grammar-vital-noun-modifiers\/","title":{"rendered":"GMAT Grammar: Vital Noun Modifiers"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Learn about the importance of this elite category of modifiers.<\/p>\n

Not all modifiers are created equal!<\/h2>\n

All noun modifiers, by definition, give additional information about the noun they modify.\u00a0 BUT, the importance of that additional information can vary significantly.\u00a0 Consider the following two sentences, both with modifiers underlined.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1) Last year, I visited the Chartres Cathedral,\u00a0which is considered the principal exemplar of Gothic architecture.<\/p>\n

2) The man\u00a0who lives next door to me\u00a0has three large dogs.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Both have a relative clause modifiers, and both provide information about the noun they modify.\u00a0 Now, consider these sentences, with those modifiers removed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1) Last year, I visited the Chartres Cathedral.<\/p>\n

2) The man has three large dogs.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The first sentence is still perfectly clear: it leaves absolutely no doubt where I went last year (because there is only one Chartres Cathedral in the entire world!)\u00a0 By contrast, the second sentence leaves us in the dark.\u00a0 The natural question evoked by that sentence is \"what man?\u00a0 About whom are we talking?\"\u00a0 There is something essential now missing from this second sentence.<\/p>\n

These two exemplify the different between an ordinary modifier and a \"vital modifier.\"\u00a0 A vital modifier is essential to establish the identity of the noun in question, and omitting it leaves a huge question unanswered.\u00a0 A non-vital, ordinary modifier may add interesting information, but it is not necessarily to establish the identity of the noun.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Restriction<\/h2>\n

The post on restrictive clauses already explored an aspect of this topic<\/a>.\u00a0 A restrictive clause is always a vital modifier.\u00a0 A non-restrictive clause is always a non-vital modifier.\u00a0 That post also made another important distinction: non vital modifiers should be set off with commas from the rest of the sentence, but vital modifiers should not have commas.\u00a0 (Notice that #1 above has a comma, and #2 doesn't).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Exception to the Modifier Touch Rule!<\/h2>\n

This is a biggie!\u00a0 In general, a modifier should touch the noun it modifies.\u00a0 For example, this sentence would be considered faulty on GMAT SC.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3) I am going to the show with my friend Kevin, who likes Elvis, the nicest person I know.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This sentence is a trainwreck!\u00a0 The appositive phrase modifier \"the nicest person I know\" is currently next to Elvis, so it implies (a) somehow I know Elvis, who has been dead for 35 years!, and that (b) Elvis is the nicest person I know, contrary to at least some appraisals of the man.\u00a0 Clearly, the modifier \"the nicest person I know\" is supposed to modify Kevin, but because its placement violates the Modifier Touch Rule, it creates a grammatically unacceptable sentence that would always be wrong on GMAT SC.<\/p>\n

By contrast, consider this sentence:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4) The workers at the envelope factory, having been on strike for seven weeks, were finally close to a settlement with management.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The participial phrase \"having been on strike for seven weeks\" is a modifier. It can't modify \"envelop factory\" ---- the building itself can't go on strike.\u00a0 It must modify \"workers\", so naively one might assume this construction also violates the Modifier Touch Rule.\u00a0 Nevertheless, this sentence is 100% grammatically correct.\u00a0 The prepositional phrase \"at the envelope factory\" is also a modifier, and it is a\u00a0vital\u00a0noun modifier: without that phrase, we would have no idea which \"workers\" were being discussed.\u00a0\u00a0A vital noun modifier can come between a noun and another non-vital modifier<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the big exception to the Modifier Touch Rule.\u00a0 BTW, notice vital modifier \"at the envelope factory\" has no commas separating it from \"the workers\", but non-vital modifier \"having been on strike for seven weeks\" is set off by commas from the rest of the sentence.<\/p>\n

If you understand the important distinction of vital vs. non-vital modifiers, you will master one of the subtlest categories on GMAT\u00a0Sentence Correction<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This post was written by Mike McGarry, GMAT expert at\u00a0Magoosh<\/a>, and originally posted\u00a0here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Learn about the importance of this elite category of modifiers. Not all modifiers are created equal! All noun modifiers, by definition, give additional information about the noun they modify.\u00a0 BUT,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":133,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,783,243,719,735],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gmat","category-magoosh-blog","category-blog","category-sentence-correction-gmat","category-verbal-gmat-blog","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/133"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11353"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11356,"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11353\/revisions\/11356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}