According to the American Heart Association, the average male has to c

These are some good questions, siddharthkapoor. I will respond in-line below.


No, trans-fats is not used in a countable way in the sentence above. You can count grams of trans-fats, but in the context of the sentence, we are simply being informed about a type of fat rather than a quantity. Think of the word as fat on its own: consume 20 percent less fat is appropriate; consume 20 percent fewer fat is not, unless we were to add a countable noun after our current noun, as in fat calories (thereby turning fat into an adjective).


The problem with has is that it does not touch upon the conditional if-then relationship that the latter two-thirds of the sentence shifts into. This is why you should pay attention to the non-underlined portion of the sentence as well as what you may need to fix. That is, in order to significantly reduce indicates a hypothetical outcome to the if condition presented in the middle portion: if the average male were to consume 20 percent less trans-fats than he does currently. Has to is more definitive, like the advice a doctor might give directly to a patient ("You have to... or else...").


No, to is simply a shortened version of in order to and serves in the same capacity. One is an adverb on its own, the other an adverbial phrase.

I hope that helps clarify your concerns. If you have further questions, feel free to ask. Good luck with your studies.

- Andrew