gmt1 wrote:
Administrative executive: Clearly, censorship exists if we, as citizens, are not allowed to communicate what we are ready to communicate at our own expense or if other citizens are not permitted access to our communications at their own expense. Public unwillingness to provide funds for certain kinds of scientific, scholarly, or artistic activities cannot, therefore, be described as censorship.
The flawed reasoning in the admin executive's argument is most parallel to that in which one of the following?
(A) All actions that cause unnecessary harm to others are unjust: so if a just action causes harm to others, that action must be necessary.
(B) Since there is more to good manners than simply using polite forms of address, it is not possible to say on first meeting a person whether or not that person has good manners.
(C) Acrophobia, usually defined as a morbid fear of heights, can also mean a morbid fear of sharp objects. Since both fears have the same origin.
(D) There is no doubt that a deed is heroic if the doer risks his or her own life to benefit another person. Thus an action is not heroic if only thing it endangers is the reputation of the doer.
(E) Perception of beauty in an object is determined by past and present influences on the mind of the beholder. Thus on object can be called beautiful, since not everyone will see beauty in it.
Source : LSAT PrepTest 10 - February 1994 - LSAT
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION FROM POWERSCORE
Complete Question Explanation
Parallel Flaw. The correct answer choice is (D)
The stimulus contains flawed reasoning in the form of a mistaken negation.
Citizens Allowed to Communicate ..... OR ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... →..... Censorship
Citizens Permitted AccessTherefore,
Citizens Allowed to Communicate
..... AND ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... → ..... Censorship
Citizens Permitted Access
(if the public itself is unwilling to provide funds)
Since we are seeking an answer which parallels this reasoning, we should look for the choice that contains a mistaken negation.
Answer choice (A): This is not the correct answer since it is a proper contrapositive:
Actions that cause Unnecessary Harm ..... → ..... Just Action
Therefore,
Just Action ..... → ..... Actions that cause Unnecessary Harm
If a just action causes harm, then, it must be necessary since just actions never cause unnecessary harm. This is a valid reasoning, and is not the correct answer.
Answer choice (B): This answer choice does not contain a mistaken negation. The conclusion also does not match that of the stimulus.
Answer choice (C): This choice does not contain a mistaken negation. The conclusion also does not match that of the stimulus.
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer choice. It is a mistaken negation which parallels that found in the stimulus.
Doer Risks Life to Benefit Another ..... → ..... Heroic
Therefore,
Doer Risks Life to Benefit Another (if the only thing the doer risks is his reputation) ..... → ..... Heroic
It contains a mistaken negation just as the stimulus does.
Answer choice (E): This answer choice doe not reflect a mistaken negation.
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