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Analyst: In our nation's television news programs, the number of stories aired about armed conflicts in Africa was much lower last year than it had been previously. Many armed conflicts have been fully or partly resolved with ceasefire agreements, and others have lessened in intensity due to the fatigue of the combating forces, so it is probably that the low number of articles is due to a decline in armed conflict in Africa.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the analyst's argument?


A. Every story about armed conflict in Africa that was submitted to air last year was aired.

B. The time it takes to research, write, and air a journalistic report of an armed conflict has declined over the last several years.

C. The number of total stories aired on television news programs in the nation was the same last year as in previous years.

D. A single armed conflict can easily lead to newsworthy developments justifying a large number of stories aired on television.

E. Just prior to last year, several major news shows revised certain prohibitions against airing stories about armed conflict in Africa.


This is a CR Butler Question



Official Explanation



Reading the question: we can be pleased to see that we have what is essentially a causal argument: news coverage of Africa is down because armed conflicts have declined. Since we have a causal argument, we know that we can create a filter using the concept of "another cause."

Creating a filter: we can imagine another cause to explain the lower number of articles. For example, maybe something closer to our nation's hearts has been going on since then and it has seized the stage and that's the real reason coverage of Africa is down. We paraphrase what we're looking for as "alternate cause of decreased coverage."

Applying the filter: Choices (A) through (C) strengthen the argument, as much as anything. (D) allows the causal relationship suggested to stand; it doesn't even bar the possibility that the news stations are out of articles. Choice (E) gives us what we're looking for: an alternative explanation.

Logical proof: we can use the negation test on choice (E). Negating (E), we can suppose, what if news shows had not changed any policies about showing these stories? In that case, policies at the news stations would not be an explanation for the decreased coverage. And then it would appear more likely that the cause attributed by the argument was correct. The negated (E) is a strengthener of the argument, so non-negated (E) is a weakener of the argument.

The correct answer is (E).
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