Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
jitendra wrote:
Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.
(A) huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport
(B) without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya
(C) the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel
(D) there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya
(E) were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that the Maya were architects and stonemasons and built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Modifiers + Grammatical Construction• In a “phrase + comma + noun” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun; this is one of the most frequently tested concepts on GMAT sentence correction.
• Information that is important to the core meaning of the sentence must never be placed between commas.
A: This answer choice incorrectly uses "Architects and stonemasons" to modify "huge palace and temple clusters", illogically implying that
the palace and temple clusters were architects and stonemasons; the intended meaning is that
the Maya were architects and stonemasons; remember, in a “phrase + comma + noun” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
B: This answer choice incorrectly uses "Architects and stonemasons" to modify "huge palace and temple clusters", illogically implying that
the palace and temple clusters were architects and stonemasons; the intended meaning is that
the Maya were architects and stonemasons; remember, in a “phrase + comma + noun” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun. Further, Option B incorrectly places information important to the core meaning of the sentence - that the Maya built the clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel - between two commas; remember, information that is important to the core meaning of the sentence must never be placed between commas.
C: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses "Architects and stonemasons" to modify "the Maya", conveying the intended meaning - that the
Maya, in
general, were architects and stonemasons, and as a separate action they built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel. Further, Option C avoids the grammatical construction error seen in Options B, D, and E, as it places no information between commas.
D: his answer choice incorrectly uses "Architects and stonemasons" to modify the pronoun "there", leading to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning is that the Maya were architects and stonemasons and built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel; remember, in a “phrase + comma + noun” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun. Further, Option D incorrectly places information important to the core meaning of the sentence - that the Maya built the clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel - between two commas; remember, information that is important to the core meaning of the sentence must never be placed between commas.
E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "were the Maya who...built huge palace and temple clusters"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that
the specific Maya who built huge palace and temple clusters were architects and stonemasons; the intended meaning is that the Maya,
in general, were architects and stonemasons, and as a separate action they built huge palace and temple clusters. Further, Option E incorrectly places information important to the core meaning of the sentence - that the Maya built the clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel - between two commas; remember, information that is important to the core meaning of the sentence must never be placed between commas.
Hence, C is the best answer choice.To understand the concept of "Phrase Comma Subject" and "Subject Comma Phrase" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
To understand the concept of usage of a pair of commas on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~4 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team