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Here is a detailed explanation to this question-

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps even help the economy by pushing the rates lower.

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Pronouns + Idioms + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• For referring to the method by which an action is done, “by” is preferable to “through”.

A: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "even if they push"; the construction of this phrase and the use of the conditional "if" incorrectly imply that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps even help the economy in the event that it pushes the rates lower; the intended meaning is that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps even help the economy by pushing the rates lower.

B: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the singular noun "The Federal Reserve" with the plural pronoun "their". Further, Option B uses the needlessly wordy and indirect phrases "its keeping" and "their pushing", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

C: Correct. This answer choice uses the phrase "perhaps even by pushing", conveying the intended meaning - that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps even help the economy by pushing the rates lower. Further, Option C avoids the pronoun error seen in Options B, D, and E, as it uses no pronouns. Additionally, Option C uses the preferred term - "by" - to refer to the method by which the Federal Reserve will help the economy. Besides, Option C is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

D: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "or perhaps even push"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps, as a separate action, push the rates lower; the intended meaning is that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps even help the economy by pushing the rates lower. Further, Option D incorrectly refers to the singular noun "The Federal Reserve" with the plural pronoun "their". Additionally, Option D uses "through" to refer to the method by which the Federal Reserve will help the economy; remember, for referring to the method by which an action is done, “by” is preferable to “through”. Besides, Option D uses the needlessly wordy and indirect phrase "their keeping", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "or perhaps it will even push"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps, as a separate action, push the rates lower; the intended meaning is that the Federal Reserve will help the economy by keeping interest rates low or perhaps even help the economy by pushing the rates lower. Further, Option E incorrectly refers to the singular noun "The Federal Reserve" with the plural pronoun "their". Additionally, Option E uses "through" to refer to the method by which the Federal Reserve will help the economy; remember, for referring to the method by which an action is done, “by” is preferable to “through”. Besides, Option E uses the needlessly wordy and indirect constructions "their keeping" and "it will even push", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

Hence, C is the best answer choice.

All the best!
Experts' Global Team