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Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on

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Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 11 Jul 2021, 11:54
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Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

(B) The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan.

(C) The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.

(D) The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

(E) The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewording that is not subject to those reservations.


Similar but not the same question from OG is here:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/aroca-city-c ... 37810.html
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A

Originally posted by perezhan on 11 May 2005, 16:57.
Last edited by Bunuel on 11 Jul 2021, 11:54, edited 2 times in total.
Edited the question.
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   10 Aug 2020, 05:15
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perezhan wrote:
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

(B) The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan.

(C) The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.

(D) The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

(E) The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.


Similar but not the same question from OG is here:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/aroca-city-c ... 37810.html



Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. - Current Plan
In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. - New Plan

Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. - Criticism of new plan

Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. - Main conclusion of the argument

Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially. - Support for new plan

(A) The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

Correct.

(B) The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan.

The first is a criticism of a funding plan (the new plan).
The second is not in favour of an alternative plan. It is in favour of this same funding plan.


(C) The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.

Second is not endorsing the criticism. It is in favour of the funding plan.

(D) The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

Nope. Argument does not refute the first statement.

(E) The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.

The argument accepts first without reservations.

Answer (A)
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   16 Dec 2017, 16:29
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dhnjy wrote:
Dear Expert,
Please explain, why option B is wrong?

The author supports the plan that is criticized by the first boldfaced portion. The author does not argue that an alternative plan should be adopted. Rather, the author says, "your criticism is based on a valid point, but here's why that point doesn't matter so much...". So even though the author does not claim that the criticism is inaccurate, the author doesn't endorse (i.e. approve of or support) that criticism.
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   10 Jan 2008, 06:07
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I would go for A

the reason I think D isn;t correct because its not the main point used by arguement.. main point used by an arguement to prove itself is something that supports it.. the second BF is itself a conclusion..

wats the OA
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   18 Jan 2008, 02:02
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The bold face arguments are tricky. First need to know the conclusion of the argument and how the bold face arguments relates to the conclusion.

Conclusion: (2 nd bold face argument: In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.
First bold face argument is an objection that points out new plan won’t generate same amount as old plan.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection. [First: is Criticism, Second: Actual Conclusion – Hold it]

B. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan. [First: is Criticism, Second: Actual Conclusion – Eliminate it]

C. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism. [First: is Criticism, Second: Actual Conclusion – Eliminate it]


D. The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false. [First: is Criticism, Second: Actual Conclusion – Eliminate it]

E. The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations. [First: is Criticism, Second: Actual Conclusion – Eliminate it]

Answer: A
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   16 Dec 2017, 12:13
Dear Expert,
Please explain, why option B is wrong?
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   21 Feb 2018, 06:20
GMATNinjaTwo
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Quote:
(A) The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.


Is the second part sophisticated way of saying:
The prediction (if accurate) strengthens the objection.
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   22 Feb 2018, 00:44
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adkikani wrote:
Hi GMATNinjaTwo GMATNinja
VeritasPrepKarishma
Quote:
(A) The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.


Is the second part sophisticated way of saying:
The prediction (if accurate) strengthens the objection.



"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection."

is equivalent to

"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, weakens the objection."
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   26 Feb 2018, 05:37
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VeritasPrepKarishma

Quote:
"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, underminesthe force of that objection."

is equivalent to

"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, weakensthe objection.


Does not - to undermine - means to weaken?

The force of objection means simply the strength by which a claim is countered to be true

Eg: I undermine the force of objection that Rob stole money from bank.

Is not this is a classic case of double negation?

Eg: I support the fact that Rob stole money from bank.
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   01 Mar 2018, 02:22
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adkikani wrote:
VeritasPrepKarishma

Quote:
"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, underminesthe force of that objection."

is equivalent to

"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, weakensthe objection.


Does not - to undermine - means to weaken?

The force of objection means simply the strength by which a claim is countered to be true

Eg: I undermine the force of objection that Rob stole money from bank.

Is not this is a classic case of double negation?

Eg: I support the fact that Rob stole money from bank.


It is not a double negative - it is just a weakener

The first is an objection. The second undermines (weakens) that objection (another word for the first bold statement).
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   01 Mar 2018, 14:33
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adkikani wrote:
VeritasPrepKarishma

Quote:
"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, underminesthe force of that objection."

is equivalent to

"the second is a prediction that, if accurate, weakensthe objection.


Does not - to undermine - means to weaken?

The force of objection means simply the strength by which a claim is countered to be true

Eg: I undermine the force of objection that Rob stole money from bank.

Is not this is a classic case of double negation?

Eg: I support the fact that Rob stole money from bank.

adkikani, I think you and VeritasPrepKarishma are saying nearly the same thing.

  • You claim that Rob stole money from a bank.
  • I raise an objection to that claim.
  • If you then undermine the force of my objection, then you are weakening the force of my objection.

As the always-sharp VeritasPrepKarishma wisely suggested, this means that you are weakening my objection. You might not have any evidence that Rob actually stole money from the bank, but you've at least succeeded in defending your point of view against my criticism.

Let us know if it's still unclear!
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   01 Jun 2018, 00:36
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Hi!
Can someone explain what option E is trying to state?
I was stuck between A and E, E i couldnt understand the second part hence i eliminated E and went with A
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   01 Jun 2018, 22:22
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RashmiT wrote:
Hi!
Can someone explain what option E is trying to state?
I was stuck between A and E, E i couldnt understand the second part hence i eliminated E and went with A

(E) appears to have a typo ("rewarding" instead of "rewording"). If someone sees this question in the software, please check to see if there are any other mistakes!

Quote:
(E) The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations

"The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations" - This would mean that the author accepts the claim but has some doubts about it. This is not the case. The author does not express any doubt about this claim, saying, "the critics are correct on this point." So the first part of (E) is off.

"the second presents that claim in a rewording that is not subject to those reservations" - This would mean that the second BF is essentially the same claim as the first BF but reworded so that it is not subject to the same doubts. But the first pertains to current sales, and the second is a prediction about future sales. So the two BF portions do not present the same claim at all.

The first half of (E) is definitely not right, so the second half of (E) makes no sense.
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   16 Jun 2018, 21:06
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Hi Experts / GMATNinja / VeritasPrepKarishma,

Can you please explain why D is wrong here? I read the entire thread but can't find a convincing answer. I have doubts on both parts of D. For BF1 - seems okay since the argument is refuting that the three percent falls short of the amount raised. I am not sure what's wrong with the second boldface. Please advise. Thanks!
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   20 Jun 2018, 18:56
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Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. ---- Fact
In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city.--- proposal
1. Critics protest that 3 percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. --- opinion
The critics are correct on this point. --- Someone saying above opinion is correct.
Nevertheless --- something contradictory coming.
implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools. --- contradiction to someone, as rest evidence given for this choice, this is the main conclusion
Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, ---- Fact
and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, --- prediction
where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. --- fact
2.In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially. ---- prediction/ a conclusion

Final verdict:(A) The first presents a plan that the argument concludes is unlikely to achieve its goal; the second expresses that conclusion.

Straight, I have eliminated C, D, E. Well 2nd part is a conclusion and not presenting an evidence.
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   23 Jun 2018, 07:55
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Very nice work, aragonn! I'll throw in my two cents, just in case it's useful at all.

sdlife wrote:
Can you please explain why D is wrong here? I read the entire thread but can't find a convincing answer. I have doubts on both parts of D. For BF1 - seems okay since the argument is refuting that the three percent falls short of the amount raised. I am not sure what's wrong with the second boldface. Please advise. Thanks!

Let's be very clear about what the author is saying:

Quote:
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

  • BF1 is a claim made by critics.
  • Immediately after BF1, the author writes, "The critics are correct on this point." The author accepts this particular claim without denial or hesitation.

Now lets' be clear about what (D) is saying:
Quote:
The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

  • Is the author refuting BF1? Absolutely not. The author says outright that BF1 is correct.
  • Since the first half of this answer choice is wrong, we can eliminate this choice and move on.

I hope this explanation is more than three percent helpful! (Yeah... I'm practicing my dad jokes.)
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   23 Jun 2018, 08:43
GMATNinja wrote:
Very nice work, aragonn! I'll throw in my two cents, just in case it's useful at all.

sdlife wrote:
Can you please explain why D is wrong here? I read the entire thread but can't find a convincing answer. I have doubts on both parts of D. For BF1 - seems okay since the argument is refuting that the three percent falls short of the amount raised. I am not sure what's wrong with the second boldface. Please advise. Thanks!

Let's be very clear about what the author is saying:

Quote:
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

  • BF1 is a claim made by critics.
  • Immediately after BF1, the author writes, "The critics are correct on this point." The author accepts this particular claim without denial or hesitation.

Now lets' be clear about what (D) is saying:
Quote:
The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

  • Is the author refuting BF1? Absolutely not. The author says outright that BF1 is correct.
  • Since the first half of this answer choice is wrong, we can eliminate this choice and move on.

I hope this explanation is more than three percent helpful! (Yeah... I'm practicing my dad jokes.)
Hi GmatNinja,
Still D is not clear. I got d point that author outright agreed wd critics. But I think tht 'Argument' as a whole is refuting d first bold face sentence.
Pls correct my approach or understanding.
Thanks.

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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   25 Jun 2018, 20:07
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deepverma wrote:
GMATNinja wrote:
Very nice work, aragonn! I'll throw in my two cents, just in case it's useful at all.

sdlife wrote:
Can you please explain why D is wrong here? I read the entire thread but can't find a convincing answer. I have doubts on both parts of D. For BF1 - seems okay since the argument is refuting that the three percent falls short of the amount raised. I am not sure what's wrong with the second boldface. Please advise. Thanks!

Let's be very clear about what the author is saying:

Quote:
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

  • BF1 is a claim made by critics.
  • Immediately after BF1, the author writes, "The critics are correct on this point." The author accepts this particular claim without denial or hesitation.

Now lets' be clear about what (D) is saying:
Quote:
The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

  • Is the author refuting BF1? Absolutely not. The author says outright that BF1 is correct.
  • Since the first half of this answer choice is wrong, we can eliminate this choice and move on.

I hope this explanation is more than three percent helpful! (Yeah... I'm practicing my dad jokes.)
Hi GmatNinja,
Still D is not clear. I got d point that author outright agreed wd critics. But I think tht 'Argument' as a whole is refuting d first bold face sentence.
Pls correct my approach or understanding.
Thanks.

Hi deepverma,

The conclusion of the author's argument is that implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. The author accepts BF1 outright, then predicts that because retail sales will increase substantially, the proportional shortfall described in BF1 will not result in an absolute reduction in school funds. The author's argument doesn't depend on refuting BF1; it depends on whether this prediction of increased retail sales will come true.

In other words, we can infer that the critics believe that implementing the plan will probably reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. The author is certainly trying to refute that implied conclusion. However, the author does NOT refute the claim made in the first BF.

I hope this helps clarifies why we should eliminate (D)!
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   28 Jan 2019, 03:26
Dear experts,

Please share your views on the following matter.

The reason why I didn't select A was "if accurate": The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

Doesn't the "if accurate" call the argument into question?Aren't we certain that these facts are indeed true?
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Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink] New post   08 Feb 2019, 00:46
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Mehemmed wrote:
Dear experts,

Please share your views on the following matter.

The reason why I didn't select A was "if accurate": The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca's schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

Doesn't the "if accurate" call the argument into question?Aren't we certain that these facts are indeed true?

Answer choice (A) includes the words "if accurate" because it identifies the second boldface portion of the passage as a prediction, or something that is expected to happen in the future.

Let's look at the wording from the passage: "retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially." Even though the sentence is written in the present tense, the author is arguing that the actual increase of retail sales will occur in the future. Therefore, the statement is a prediction -- which introduces more doubt than would a statement of current fact. This prediction would only undermine the objection to the plan if it turns out to be accurate, which is why that language is included in the answer choice.

I hope that helps!
GMAT Club Bot
gmatclubot
Re: Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on [#permalink]
08 Feb 2019, 00:46
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